The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensional structure of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14: (OHIP-14). Data was obtained from studies carried out in Rio de Janeiro (N = 504) and Carlos Barbosa (N = 872), in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to identify the latent dimensions of the OHIP-14. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out of both samples to compare the one-dimensional structure found by the EFA and the proposed three-dimensional structure. This factorial structure was assessed using goodness-of-fit indices. In the Rio de Janeiro study, the eigenvalue was 9.2 and this one factor explained 65.6% of total variance, while in the Carlos Barbosa study the eigenvalue was 7.9 and this one factor explained 56.6% of variance. CFA indicated an adequate fit of the one-factor model for the Rio de Janeiro study (RMSEA = 0.04; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98) and for the Carlos Barbosa study (RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.97). Our findings suggest that the OHIP-14 measures one single construct.

O objetivo foi verificar a prevalência de uso de medicamentos e de polifarmácia entre idosos de Carlos Barbosa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e comparar as características sociodemográficas e de saúde associadas ao uso, segundo o local de moradia. Foi avaliada uma amostra aleatória de 811 idosos com 60 anos ou mais, moradores na área urbana ou rural. Dados sociodemográficos, doenças crônicas, qualidade de vida e medicamentos autorreferidos foram coletados em entrevistas presenciais. Associação entre local de moradia e uso de medicamentos ou polifarmácia, ajustada para potenciais confundidores, foi avaliada por regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. A prevalência de uso de medicamentos e de polifarmácia foi maior entre os idosos urbanos. Morar na área urbana apresentou associação positiva e independente com uso de medicamentos (RP = 1,10; IC95%: 1,02-1,20) e polifarmácia (RP = 1,83; IC95%: 1,27-2,65). Morar na área urbana está associado à maior prevalência de uso de medicamentos e de polifarmácia entre idosos.

This study investigated the impacts of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) on daily activities and work productivity in adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a supermarket chain in the state of São Paulo, which included 386 workers, age-range 20 - 64 years. Participants were examined for oral disease following WHO recommendations, and the oral health impact profile (OHIP) assessment was used to determine OHRQoL. Demographic, socio-economic, use of dental services, and OHRQoL data were obtained. Answers to the OHIP were dichotomized into no impact and some impact, and the relationship to OHRQoL was determined. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed using SPSS version 17.0. Dimensions with highest OHIP scores were physical pain and psychological discomfort. Sex (male: PR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38 - 0.80), lower family income (PR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.04 - 2.12), visiting a dentist due to pain (PR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.57 - 3.43), tooth loss (PR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.09 - 2.32), and needing treatment for caries (PR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.09 - 2.32) were most likely to impact OHRQoL. Therefore, socioeconomic and demographic status and use of dental services impacted OHRQoL. These results indicate that oral health promotion strategies should be included in work environments.

IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the development of genital warts and different types of cancer, including virtually all cervical cancers and a considerable number of penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancers. Data regarding the prevalence of HPV infection in Brazil are limited and fragmented. We aim to determine HPV prevalence in sexually active women and men aged 16–25 years and to investigate regional differences in virus prevalence and types.Methods and analysisThis is a nationwide, multicentric, cross-sectional, prospective study that will include participants aged 16–25 years from all Brazilian capital cities. Recruitment will occur in primary health units by trained health professionals who will be responsible for collecting biological samples and interviewing the volunteers. After signing informed consent, all participants will answer a questionnaire that will collect sociodemographic and behavioural data. All samples will be processed in a certified central laboratory, and strict quality control will be performed by many different procedures, including double data entry, training and certification of primary care health professionals responsible for data collection, simulation of interviews, and auditing and monitoring of visits. The sample size will be standardised based on the population distribution of each capital using SAS and R statistical software.Ethics and disseminationThe project was approved by the research ethics committee of the main institution and the corresponding ethics committees of the recruitment sites. This will be the first Brazilian nationwide study to determine overall HPV prevalence and to examine regional differences and social, demographic and behavioural factors related to HPV infection. Critical analysis of the study results will contribute to epidemiological knowledge and will set a baseline for future evaluation of the impact of the National HPV Vaccination Program.

Background Asthma is a chronic disease that involves several healthcare services that need attention in relation to its treatment and prevention. Aim The objective of this study was to evaluate caries, erosion, and enamel defects in children with and without asthma. Design Cross‐sectional study, with a sample of 228 children ages 6‐12 years, stratified as asthmatic (n = 112) and non‐asthmatic (n = 116), at two Primary Health Units of the Community Health Service, Brazil. The evaluation consisted of an oral examination and a structured interview with parents/guardians, in addition to data from medical records. Data were analysed by Poisson regression with a robust error variance, all of them at a level of significance of P < 0.05. Results Of 112 asthmatic children, 63 (51.2%) had dental caries and 25 (53.2%) enamel defects. In the adjusted analysis, dental caries and use of salbutamol were associated (PR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.72). In addition, children who performed oral hygiene more than three times a day showed a greater prevalence (PR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.02‐4.85) of dental erosion compared with children who performed it only once a day. Conclusions There is no evidence for an association between asthma, caries, erosion, and enamel defect in children aged from 6 to 12 years. There was, however, an association between dental caries and use of salbutamol.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar o acesso e fatores associados à consulta odontológica em crianças de até 5 anos no município de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado em 10 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, através de questionário e exame clínico em 560 crianças. Foram avaliadas variáveis clínicas (placa visível, sangramento gengival e ceo-s), sociodemográficas, e de acesso à consulta. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para cálculo de Razões de Prevalência (RP), com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados mostraram que 68,2% das crianças nunca haviam ido ao dentista. O principal motivo relatado para a não realização de consulta odontológica foi não ter sentido necessidade (48,7%) e dificuldade de acesso ao posto de saúde (15,8%). A procura pelo dentista teve como propósito a prevenção/revisão (55,8%) e os locais mais procurados para consultas foi o consultório particular (43,9%) e o posto de saúde (39,5%). O modelo multivariado final mostrou que a idade da criança (IC95%, RP = 1,03 (1,02-1,05)), a renda familiar (RP = 1,05; (1,01-1,08)) e a mãe ter concluído o ensino médio (RP = 1,69 (1,15-2,56)) estiveram associados com a procura por consulta odontológica. Assim, torna-se fundamental reconhecer a importância do contexto familiar durante os primeiros anos de vida.

Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the differential preventive effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on early childhood caries (ECC) according to socioeconomic variables, using a community-based trial in a public healthcare setting. Methods:A cluster-randomized, double-blind study with two parallel groups in healthcare clinical settings (HCCs) comparing conventional oral health education (CE) and MI aimed at mothers of children born in 2013 and 2014. The oral health team of 6 of the 12 HCCs were trained in MI. This training was intensive for active learning of the basic MI principles, conducted by a psychologist who is a PhD in psychiatry and has extensive experience in conducting MI training workshops. It was held in an experiential format divided into two 4-hour shifts, with a 1-week interval. Children who attended at least one dental visit in the first year of life at their HCC were clinically evaluated by trained examiners and parents responded to a questionnaire. The effect of MI on the caries outcome compared with CE was evaluated in different subgroups: family income, mother's education and skin colour. Results:One hundred and eighty-six were included in the CE group and 228 in the MI group. The caries rate per 100 surface-year was 1.29 (95%CI: 0.92-1.80) in the CE group and 0.46 (95%CI: 0.29-0.73) in the MI group. The effect of MI was statistically significant in the lower-income category (P = .03); MI prevented 57% of carious lesions (IRR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.83) and reduced the occurrence of the disease on more than one surface per 100 followed surface-year in this same category in the equivalent income subgroup (IRD = −1.37, P = .04). Conclusions:Motivational interviewing had a greater preventive effect against caries in children whose families are of lower income.

It aims to evaluate the association between dental appearance and Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Fifteen primary care services with dental services were selected in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Individuals were interviewed from a random sampling of households in the catchment area of the health centres. The outcome was having an OHIP14 score > 0 (any impact). The main exposures included self-reported tooth colour and position, perception of oral health and concern with dental aesthetics. Data were analysed with stepwise logistic regression. Of 1943 individuals contacted, 433 used public dental services in the last year. Seventy-three percent had some impact on quality of life, 35.2% and 47.5% reported stained and crowded teeth, respectively. Also, 22.2% had already tried bleaching their teeth. Individuals concerned with colour were 2.56 times (95% CI: 1.34-4.89) more likely to report any impact after adjusting for number of teeth, smoking and education. Concerns about tooth position, reporting stained or crowded teeth, age, sex and income were not significant (p > 0.30). There is a direct and independent association between concerns with tooth colour and quality of life. The effect of tooth colour on quality of life may be mediated by individuals’ perceptions of aesthetics.