introducing the Paper, drew attention to some corrigenda (printed in the December 1958 issue of the Proceedings). He also referred to 0 44, and said that while it had been intended originally to link the tilting-gate operation with turbine control, this had been changed so that the operation of the gate was linked solely to the fluctuating water level of the head-pond.
Mr L. H. Dickerson (Chief Civil Engineer, North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board)said that the Paper lacked nothing in detail and the form in which it had been presented showed clearly the difference in the nature of the developments of the component parts of the Garry-Moriston group.106. To anyone who had followed the various project proposals of the Gany-Moriston Scheme from the days of the Caledonian Power Scheme of 1936, the step-bystep changes which had been progressively introduced would be very apparent. The Authors had referred to the earliest proposal for a development of Loch Quoich to the west at sea level, where the availability of a maximum head of over 600 ft in about four miles must have been the engineers' dream of a logical and cheap development. They had had, however, to bow before public opinion and to remould the whole scheme in
DiscussionThe Author introduced the Paper with the aid of a series of lantern slides.
J. A. Banks said that the Author had presented information ofgreat value to all engineers who were concerned with the design of pressure tunnels and similar works. The Paper was particularly welcome a t the present time, because it was only in very recent years that the construction of underground generating stations had been undertaken in Great Britain. The Author had referred to the Clachan station in Argyllshire and, whilst others had been constructed since or were in hand, it might be relevant to give some particulars of the Clachan works which formed part of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board's Glen Shira project.Clachan generating station, with an inclined pressure shaft (the general arrangement of which was shown in Pigs 30,31, and 32) housed one verticalFrancis turbine of 54,000 horse-power operating under a head of 960 feet.As stated in the Paper, the station had been excavated by the cut-and-cover method. The concrete walls below main floor level had been poured hard against the rock and the reinforced concrete columns and mane girders, which carried a 150-ton overhead travelling crane had been anchored into the rock both longitudinally and transversely. There was an inner lining of brickwork and a suspended ceiling, the main roof having been formed by a reinforced concrete arch springing from skewbacks cut into the rock, and with that internal lining and ceiling there was a complete clearance
This article discusses pressure management, which is the practice of controlling the amount of water pressure by decreasing it where it is excessive, maintaining it where it is sufficient, and sustaining it where it is weak or unpredictable. Topics covered include: management by sector; pump control; throttled system valves; fixed outlet hydraulic control; time‐based modulation; and, flow‐based dynamic modulation.
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