Skin infections caused by dermatophytes are one of the most frequent dermatological complications in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resulting from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tinea unguium associated with AIDS is characterized by being clinically more aggressive and therapeutically more difficult to treat than in the general population. Terbinafine is considered to be a first-choice option for the treatment of dermatophyte onychomycosis in immunocompetent individuals. This drug has been used in a series of 21 HIV-positive patients diagnosed with tinea unguium for 1 year in the University Hospital La Paz, Madrid. All patients underwent a subsequent clinical follow-up for 6 months. The results showed a high percentage of clinical and mycological cures, as well as maintenance of the response after follow-up; no drug interactions or significant adverse effects related to the drug under study were recorded.
Anticonflict-like effects of aqueous extract of flowers of Achillea millefolium L., a plant with purported anxiolytic actions, were studied in female Wistar rats during late proestrus or diestrus. During late proestrus (p < 0.05), control rats displayed reduced conflict behavior compared with diestrus. Diazepam (2.0 mg/kg; i.p.) reduced conflict behavior both during late proestrus (p < 0.05) or diestrus (p < 0.05). Doses of 8.0 mg/kg (p < 0.05), 10.0 mg/kg (p < 0.05) or 12.0 mg/kg (p < 0.05) of Achillea millefolium reduced conflict behavior during late proestrus. Conversely, during diestrus, only the dose of 12.0 mg/kg (p < 0.05) of Achillea millefolium L. reduced conflict behavior. In conclusion, the anticonflict-like actions of Achillea millefolium L. may vary according to the estrous cycle phase.
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