El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la presencia de los estereotipos de género en las dinámicas de violencia escolar. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño cualitativo en dos centros educativos en República Dominicana, a partir de una muestra de 604 estudiantes entre 9 y 16 años. Las técnicas de levantamiento de información fueron talleres lúdicos-creativos, grupos focales y observación no participante. Los resultados evidencian que el arraigo a los roles estereotipados de género se constituye en un perpetuador de la violencia escolar. Esto se expresa en la violencia verbal y física y, de manera aún más dramática, en la violencia sexual, de la cual las alumnas siempre son las principales víctimas. Además, la socialización diferenciada produce que manifestaciones de violencia de género en la escuela sean invisibilizadas. Los hallazgos plantean la necesidad de formar a estudiantes en igualdad de género y educación afectivo-sexual, e integrar el enfoque de género y la coeducación en el desarrollo profesional docente a fin de que los centros educativos puedan desarrollar un abordaje preventivo y no reduccionista de la violencia escolar. The aim of this research is to analyze the presence of gender stereotypes in the dynamics of school violence. A descriptive study with qualitative design was carried out in two schools in the Dominican Republic, from a sample of 604 students between the ages 9 to 16 years old. The information-gathering techniques included creative play workshops, focus groups, and non-participant observation. The results demonstrate that the deeply-rooted gender stereotypes constitute a perpetuating support of school violence. This is expressed in verbal and physical violence and, even more severely, in sexual violence, of which female students are always the main victims. Furthermore, differentiated socialization renders manifestations of gender violence in school invisible. These findings raise the need to train students in gender equality and affective-sexual education, and to integrate a gender-based approach in the professional development of teachers in order to achieve a preventive approach to school violence.
Este artículo señala que una característica fundamental de los centros que desarrollan procesos de innovación, concretamente de aquellos que consiguen articular procesos de desarrollo y mejora institucional a lo largo del tiempo, es que parecen configurarse en torno a lo que llamaremos aquí una lógica de la confianza. Nuestro propósito será develar los diferentes caminos por los que se consigue articular esa lógica, para lo cual nos apoyaremos en una investigación de estudio de caso múltiple en la que participaron diez centros reconocidos como innovadores en su comunidad. Algunos de los resultados más relevantes de dicha investigación, así como la metodología utilizada para llegar hasta ellos, serán descritos en el trabajo y discutidos a la luz de la literatura sobre la confianza en las organizaciones, los procesos de aprendizaje y conocimiento institucionales generados por las comunidades de práctica y la innovación en las organizaciones educativas. Intentaremos demostrar que la confianza es un constructo adecuado para comprender el alcance, así como las limitaciones, de los procesos de innovación hallados en los centros de nuestro estudio.
Purpose -This paper seeks to point out the relationship between women leadership and their role in the transformation of university organizations, on the basis of eight case studies analysed in the framework of a broader research on women who occupy high-managerial posts in Spanish universities. Design/methodology/approach -Two of the eight cases studied are more deeply described and discussed in terms of the relationship among the organizational context in which these women leaders perform their managerial functions, the leadership styles that they deploy, as well as the transformations they promoted in critical moments of the organizations that they head. Findings -Even though the differences in all these aspects between the two cases studied do not allow a single and homogeneous "feminine style" of management to be identified, a flexible and adaptive common orientation in terms of leadership was found, which leads one to suggest that leadership style is not a relevant issue when managing loosely coupled organizations. Furthermore, some conclusions were established about the ability of these woman managers both to read organizational culture and to drive such changes, preserving social cohesiveness and the workplace climate. To achieve this, they adopted a flexible leadership style on the basis of a wide range of power sources. Originality/value -The findings support the idea that the loosely coupled structures characteristic of a higher education organization need "soft" ways of power management, oriented more towards informal social networks than formal issues. This allows one to discuss the innovative role that women potentially and actually play in higher education organizations.
Trabajo dedicado a quienes cotidianamente enfrentan la compleja tarea de dirigir centros escolares, zonas o sectores de enseñanza, también se encuentra enfocado a los actores clave para la mejora del sistema educativo, voces que frecuentemente no alcanzan a influir de manera vital en el diseño y la implementación de las políticas centradas en el logro de los aprendizajes con perspectiva de equidad.
Objective The Cultural Neuropsychology Program (CNP) is the sole bilingual clinical training program specifically focused on culturally and linguistically competent neuropsychological services to the Latino/a population in the UCLA Health System. Following the Socially Responsible Neuropsychology Model (SRN; Suarez et al., 2016), trainees learn the best practices in providing equitable clinical care to all patients irrespective of their background. The current paper discusses various trainees’ professional development in the process of becoming culturally and linguistically competent clinical neuropsychologists. Method The use of case studies illustrates the competency paradigm shift trainees encounter when systematically integrating the SRN model with their clinical training. Three components of the model are emphasized: (1) integration of Etic and Emic approaches during the clinical intake, (2) merging psychometric properties with qualitative processes to compensate for the cultural-linguistic limitations of mainstream gold-standard neuropsychological tools, and (3) becoming an advocate through this social justice framework. Outcomes All trainees were previously exposed to the foundational - and typically required - knowledge-based competency model of understanding and appreciating cultural-individual differences and diversity in neuropsychology. Attaining cultural and linguistic competency through the SRN model, however, requires a salient paradigm shift in all skill-based competencies that trainees may not have been prepared for through their previous education. Discussion By presenting trainees’ perspectives regarding their professional development, the importance of the explicit and systematic integration of fundamental brain-behavior relationships with the SRN model early in graduate training is highlighted. In so doing, this approach can ultimately augment the number of culturally- and linguistically-competent neuropsychologists needed to reduce health disparities. References Suárez, P., Casas, R., Lechuga, D., Cagigas, X. Socially Responsible Neuropsychology in Action: Another Opportunity for California to Lead the Way. Feature in The California Psychologist. Fall of 2016.
Este artículo describe las creencias curriculares de siete profesores de Física chilenos a partir de una metodología de estudio de caso múltiple. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada con treinta preguntas distribuidas en las dimensiones: contenidos, metodología de enseñanza y evaluación. Además, sus clases fueron grabadas en vídeo y posteriormente analizadas mediante el software MAXQDA. El foco del análisis se puso sobre las dificultades que estos profesores afrontaron en la enseñanza del movimiento rectilíneo uniforme. Se concluye que las creencias fueron inconsistentes con las prácticas docentes. Asimismo, los docentes se muestran más constructivistas cuando hablan de lo que creen adecuado y se debe hacer que cuando lo hacen sobre lo que verdaderamente harán en sus prácticas docentes. Se aportan conclusiones sobre la investigación en el campo y la formación del profesorado de Física.
Objective Early identification of cognitive symptoms pathognomonic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in highly educated bilingual adults remains challenging. We present a clinical case illustrating the application of an SRN model in a 70-year-old highly educated, balanced bilingual Latina eventually diagnosed with moderate-severe stages of AD following an event of severe confusion and disorientation. Method An SRN model was applied to promote equitable care through evidence-based consideration of cognitive aging-reserve and its putative manifestation in neurodegenerative disorders. The patient underwent a neuropsychological assessment and structural/functional neuroimaging. Her educational background, linguistic proficiencies, acculturation level, social/behavioral comportment, and limitations in available neuropsychological tools/norms were integrated to reflect the complexity in conducting a reliable bilingual assessment and formulating differential diagnoses. Results The SRN model guided clinical decision-making to determine the appropriate target language for bilingual assessment, and to identify reliable normative anchors of impairment relative to premorbid estimates, resulting in incorporation of validated Spanish measures/norms. Neuroimaging revealed bilateral parietal-temporal hypometabolism, which was generally consistent with neuropsychological findings, and the patient was diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder due to AD. Conclusions Given the advanced nature of this patient’s cognitive decline by the time of assessment, it was hypothesized that the combination of bilingualism and high education further masked the precipitous decline atypically observed in AD individuals with high cognitive reserve. Cognitive reserve theories, nonetheless, continue to be anchored strictly within a monocultural-monolingual framework. This complex case, therefore, highlights the urgent need to incorporate bilingualism in current models of cognitive reserve to boost sensitivity in detecting early expression of bilingual AD.
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