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The Schilling blood count varies from the usual differential count in the division of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils into groups according to the degree of their maturity. These cells are counted separately and tabulated to form a "hemogram." Repeated at frequent intervals in a given case and set up in vertical columns, the successive blood counts combine to form a comprehensive picture, more valuable than the ordinary count in the interpretation of an illness. When a curve of the repeated counts is plotted against the fever chart, the progress of an infection is shown graphically.The Schilling count has been used abroad in adults (for a complete bibliography see Schilling-Gradwohl 1). Several observers have given normal blood figures for infants and children, and there are sporadic reports of isolated cases. Complete investigations, however, have not been made in this field.It is planned to continue these counts in a series of normal cases, as controls, and in as many various diseases as possible to determine definitely the validity of this method in pediatric work. The first group of cases studied showed sufficiently interesting results to justify presenting this preliminary report.In these examinations it soon became apparent that the course of an illness could with reasonable accuracy be anticipated by at least twenty-four hours ; that is, the rise or fall in temperature, the appear¬ ance of a complication or the subsiding of an infection, etc., were indicated in the count somewhat in advance of their actual clinical appearance. The cases described here will show this clearly. THEORYThe Arneth classification of polymorphonuclear forms is intricate and contains too many subdivisions for practical use. Arneth arranged

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