The involvement of the ovary in lymphomatous processes is rare. Such an involvement can occur in 2 ways, either primary or secondary, which usually presents with abdominal or pelvic complaints. We present a case of secondary involvement of the ovary with occult extra-ovarian nodal disease and discuss the histogenesis of ovarian lymphomas with criteria for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Preoperative thrombocytosis is a frequent finding in ovarian carcinomas and their association with advanced stage disease and higher grade denotes that platelets play a role in the tumor growth and progression.

Low-quality dietary protein intake and vitamin B-12 deficiency could interact to decrease methionine transmethylation and remethylation rates during pregnancy and may affect epigenetic modifications of the fetal genome. The objective of this randomized, partially open-labeled intervention trial was to examine the effect of supplemental high-quality protein and vitamin B-12 on third-trimester methionine kinetics in pregnant Indian women with a low vitamin B-12 status. Pregnant women with low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations (<200 pmol/L) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: the first group received balanced protein-energy supplementation of 500 mL milk/d plus a 10-μg vitamin B-12 tablet/d (M+B-12 group; = 30), the second group received milk (500 mL/d) plus a placebo tablet (M+P group; = 30), and the third group received a placebo tablet alone (P group; = 33). Third-trimester fasting plasma amino acid kinetics were measured by infusing 1-C,methyl-H-methionine, ring-H-phenylalanine, ring-H-tyrosine,1-C-glycine, and 2,3,3-H,N-serine in a subset of participants. Placental mRNA expression of genes involved in methionine pathways, placental long interspersed nuclear elements 1 (LINE-1) methylation, and promoter methylation levels of vascular endothelial growth factor () were analyzed. Remethylation rates in the M+B-12, M+P, and P groups were 5.1 ± 1.7, 4.1 ± 1.0, and, 5.0 ± 1.4 μmol ⋅ kg ⋅ h, respectively ( = 0.057), such that the percentage of transmethylation remethylated to methionine tended to be higher in the M+B-12 group (49.5% ± 10.5%) than in the M+P group (42.3% ± 8.4%; = 0.053) but neither differed from the P group (44.2% ± 8.1%; > 0.1). Placental mRNA expression, LINE-1, and promoter methylation did not differ between groups. Combined vitamin B-12 and balanced protein-energy supplementation increased the homocysteine remethylation rate in late pregnancy. Thus, vitamin B-12 along with balanced protein-energy supplementation is critical for optimal functioning of the methionine cycle in the third trimester of pregnancy in Indian women with low serum vitamin B-12 in early pregnancy. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as CTRI/2016/01/006578.

Frozen section diagnosis is of high quality at our center with a few exceptions in borderline category. The numbers of sections examined have a statistically significant influence on the accuracy of frozen section of ovarian masses.

Background:Cervical cytology screening for carcinoma of the cervix in India is mainly opportunistic in nature and is practiced mainly in urban centres. The effectiveness of cervical cytology screening depends on various factors. The quality of cervicovaginal cytology service is assessed by various quality indices and by cyto-histology correlation, which is the most important quality assurance measure.Aims:To describe the cervical cytology diagnoses, estimate the quality indices, and evaluate the discrepant cases on cytohistological correlation.Settings and Design:Retrospective observational study from a tertiary care centre in South India.Materials and Methods:Using a database search, all the cervicovaginal cytology reported during the period of 2002-2006 was retrieved and various diagnoses were described. The data was analysed to assess the quality indices. The cytohistologically discrepant cases were reviewed.Results:A total of 10,787 cases were retrieved, of which 98.14% were labeled negative and 1.36% were unsatisfactory for evaluation. A few (0.81%) of the cases were labeled as squamous intraepithelial lesions and 0.38% as atypical squamous cells. The ASCUS: SIL ratio was 0.5. Cytohistological correlation revealed a total of ten cases with significant discrepancy. The majority of these were carcinomas that were misdiagnosed as atypical glandular cells. These cytology smears and the subsequent biopsies were reviewed to elucidate the reasons for the discrepancies.Conclusions:The cervical cytology service at our centre is well within the accepted standards. An increased awareness of cytological features, especially of glandular lesions, a good clinician-laboratory communication and a regular cytohistological review would further improve the diagnostic standards.

The expression of apoptotic markers is higher in high-grade OSCs, which also have a higher proliferative activity compared with those in low-grade OSCs, which supports the dualistic pathway of ovarian serous carcinogenesis.

No abstract

Background: Extraocular sebaceous carcinomas are rare cutaneous malignancies that account for only about 25% of all sebaceous carcinomas. The most common site of occurrence is the head/neck region. They are aggressive neoplasms that possess metastatic potential to regional or distant sites. Wide local excision of the lesion with removal of regional lymph nodes is the usual mode of therapy. Methods: We present a series of three cases of sebaceous carcinomas occurring in extraocular sites outside the head and neck areas, like the axilla, chest wall, arm and thigh. One of these cases had an associated colonic carcinoma and constituted Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS). Another case presented with a skin nodule and regional nodal metastasis. The third case had a history of recurrent similar lesions at the same site. Conclusion: Although rare, extraocular sebaceous carcinomas are seen at varied sites and frequently pose problems in diagnosis. A longterm follow-up of these cases is warranted due to their aggressive behaviour, risks of recurrence, metastasis and the possibility of development of visceral malignancies.