book, Academic Library Centrality. This paper reports the results of interviews conducted in 2004 with the presidents and provosts of six universities and compares them with Grimes' findings. The analysis shows that major changes have occurred in the attitudes of university leaders toward their libraries during the last decade. These new findings provide direction for library leaders as they seek out new models of library service and reshape old models to fit the current environment of American higher education. The findings also point to the emergence of new competencies, skills, and knowledge as essential components of the job of the library director. The results of this study call into question the applicability of the centrality concept to libraries in universities and indicate the need for research that offers a relevant model for use in those settings.
Waste printed circuits boards are a major source of strategic materials such as platinum group metals since they are used for the fabrication of technological devices, such as hard drive discs, capacitors, diodes, etc. Because of the high cost of platinum, palladium and gold (> 25k€ / kg), an economic and environmental challenge is their recycling from printed circuit boards, that represent around 2% weight of electronic equipment. Hydrometallurgical treatments allow to recover these metals in solution, with a high recovery rate for a leaching liquor made of thiourea in hydrochloric acid. So as to develop an efficient recycling process from this leach liquor, one requires the speciation of these strategic metals, as well as their extraction and quantitation in the mixture. For this purpose, platinum, palladium and gold were dissolved in model leach liquors made of hydrochloric acid and thiourea at low concentration. The identification of metal complexes was determined in function of thiourea concentration (between 10 µmol/L and 10 mmol/L) by the combination of UV-Visible spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and for the first time capillary electrophoresis. The electrokinetic method was then applied for the quantitation of trace metal analyses in leach samples from waste printed circuit boards reprocessing, demonstrating its applicability for industrializable recycling applications.
Although China has made significant progress in the development of digital libraries in recent years, there is still a gap in the scale of implementation and the level of technological sophistication in comparison with the United States.
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