Introduction:High resolution manometry is the current technology used to the study of esophageal motility and is replacing conventional manometry in important centers for esophageal motility with parameters used on esophageal motility, following the Chicago Classification. This classification unifies high resolution manometry interpretation and classifies esophageal disorders. Objective:This review shows, in a pictorial presentation, the new parameters established by the Chicago Classification, version 3.0, aimed to allow an easy comprehension and interpretation of high resolution manometry. Methods:Esophageal manometries performed by the authors were reviewed to select illustrative tracings representing Chicago Classification parameters. Results:The parameters are: Esophagogastric Morphology, that classifies this junction according to its physiology and anatomy; Integrated Relaxation Pressure, that measures the lower esophageal sphincter relaxation; Distal Contractile Integral, that evaluates the contraction vigor of each wave; and, Distal Latency, that measures the peristalsis velocity from the beginning of the swallow to the epiphrenic ampulla. Conclusion:Clinical applications of these new concepts is still under evaluation.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Residency programs, especially in surgery, have been undergoing constant changes. The profile of residents in surgical fields is changing too since residents are now part of the Generation Y (Millenials). This change in profile mandates a re-evaluation to adapt surgical residency programs. Six years ago, we carried out a study evaluating attitudes and experiences during training, and the professional expectations of residents. This study aims to survey surgical residents to evaluate current attitudes, experiences, and expectations. METHODS: We surveyed 50 residents to determine professional satisfaction, residency-program satisfaction, future expectations, financial expectations, and correct attitude towards patients. RESULTS: Our results show that half of the residents are satisfied with the residency program. However, dissatisfaction reaches 40% on surgical volume and 80% on mentorship; 62% of the residents are not confident to perform operations after the residency, the majority believes a specialization is necessary; most residents believe financial compensation will decrease with time, but concerns with reimbursement are low; and most residents are worried about injuring patients, but only two thirds are satisfied working with patients. CONCLUSIONS: Current residents present lower job satisfaction and more criticism of teaching techniques. These changes compared to previous results match the profile of Generation Y, who is more iconoclastic when compared to previous generations.

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Objective: To present the epidemiological profile of bone and soft tissue tumors that affect the elbow region treated at an oncology referral center in Brazil. Methods: Retrospective observational case series study to evaluate the results of elbow cancer undergoing clinical and/or surgical treatment with the first visit from 1990 to 2020. The dependent variables were benign bone tumor, malignant bone tumor, benign soft tissue tumor, malignant soft tissue tumor. Independent variables were sex, age; presence of symptoms (pain/increase in local volume/fracture); diagnosis; treatment and recurrence. Results: In total, 37 patients were included, 51.35% of whom were female, with a mean age at diagnosis of 33.5 years. Soft tissue neoplasms correspond to 51% of cases against 49% of bone tumors. Among the symptoms, the general prevalence of pain was 56.75%, the general increase in local volume occurred in 54.04% of the patients and the presence of fractures in 13.43%. Surgical treatment occurred in 75.67% of cases and recurrence in 16.21% of cases. Conclusion: The tumors that affect the elbow in our series correspond mostly to benign tumors, involving bone or soft tissues, with a higher occurrence in young adult patients. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

Objective: Characterizing ankle tumors, presenting the epidemiological profile of these lesions. Methods: Retrospective observational case series study to evaluate the results of clinical and/or surgical treatments of patients with ankle tumors whose first visit occurred from 1990 to 2020. The dependent variables were: benign bone tumor, malignant bone tumor, benign soft tissue tumor, malignant soft tissue tumor, and infection. The independent variables were: sex, age; presence of symptoms (pain/local volume increase/fracture), duration of symptoms until treatment, diagnosis, treatment, and recurrence. Results: In total, 70 patients were included-58.5% were women, with a mean age at the time of diagnosis of 21.66 years. Among all cases, 76% were bone tumor, 14% were soft tissue tumor, and 10% were infection. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 21.7 ± 2.29 years. The overall prevalence of pain was 77.1%. In total, 55.6% patients had a general local volume increase 13.4% had fractures. The mean time from symptoms to treatment was 17.4 ± 4.61 months and the mean diagnosis time was 10.13 ± 0.86 months. Of all cases, 73.44% underwent surgical treatment and 22.64% had recurrence. Conclusion: In this series, ankle tumors corresponded mainly to bone tumors. Benign tumors were the most prevalent type of tumor and the highest occurrence was among young people. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.