Aim:To investigate factors that explain the spatial pattern of genetic diversity in three closely related species (Linaria glacialis, Linaria nevadensis and Chaenorhinum glareosum) endemic to a fragile high mountain ecosystem. Location:The alpine belt of Sierra Nevada, Spain. Methods:We analysed the spatial pattern of cpDNA diversity of the three species.To explain the distribution of genetic diversity, we investigated the effect of topographic features and the evolutionary history of the species (demography, habitat availability and colonization dynamics). Results: Genetic diversity was heterogeneous across the landscape. We found moderate positive correlation values between genetic diversity indices of the two Linaria species. We also observed moderate negative correlation values between genetic diversity indices of C. glareosum and those of L. glacialis and L. nevadensis. Topographic variables correlated positively with genetic diversity of the Linaria species and negatively with genetic diversity of C. glareosum. Bayesian skyline plots (BSPs) displayed a shared demographic pattern with a population size stabilization/increase since the LGM (the last 21 kyr) in all three species. Discrete phylogeographical analyses showed similar patterns of westward diffusion for L. nevadensis and C. glareosum. Species distribution models pointed to similar range dynamics in all three species, with a reduction in range size since the LGM.Main conclusions: Different dispersal abilities, demographic trends and colonization patterns can hardly explain the differences in spatial patterns of genetic diversity between the Linaria species and C. glareosum. In contrast, topographic features seem to be an important factor to explain the distribution of genetic diversity in the alpine belt of Sierra Nevada. We point to a relevant role of microniche partitioning in determining patterns of genetic diversity distribution in alpine Mediterranean ecosystems.Furthermore, we highlight the role of microhabitat heterogeneity in the maintenance of distinct lineages, species and genetic diversity in high mountain biodiversity hotspots. K E Y W O R D Scomparative phylogeography, genetic diversity, high mountain, niche partitioning, Quaternary, topography | 75 BLANCO-PASTOR eT AL.

Copepods have a number of advantages for use as live food in cultures of fish and crustacean larvae. This study aimed to develop culture techniques of Tisbe biminiensis Volkmann‐Rocco 1973 in volumes of 500 mL. The first experiment tested the effect of salinity on survival and fecundity. The other experiments studied the population growth comparing two levels of daily ration and the effect of sand sediment in cultures. The cultures were carried out on plastic boxes at 29°C, salinity of 34 g L−1 and 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod with aerated filtered seawater, total renewal every other day. Adult females tolerated the decrease of salinity from 34 to 27 g L−1 but the offspring production decreased significantly. The salinity of 20 g L−1 was not tolerated at all. Tisbe biminiensis attained one of the highest rates of increase in cultures among harpacticoids (0.33 day−1) and a high density of 205 individual ind. mL−1. The carrying capacity of the population was estimated as 67 200 ind. in 500 mL recipients. In conclusion, T. biminiensis grow fast and attain high densities in cultures of 500 mL volume without sediment, feeding a daily ration of 50–100% of copepodite biomass.