The publication of the US Physician Payments Sunshine Act provides insight into the financial relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. This added transparency creates new opportunities of using objective data to better understand prior research that implicates pharmaceutical promotions as an important factor in a physician's decision-making process.OBJECTIVE To assess the association between reported industry payments and physician-prescribing habits by comparing the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections by US ophthalmologists to the industry payments these same physicians received.

IMPORTANCEOcular hypertension is an important risk factor for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Data from long-term follow-up can be used to inform the management of patients with ocular hypertension. OBJECTIVE To determine the cumulative incidence and severity of POAG after 20 years of follow-up among participants in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

for the European Glaucoma Prevention Study and the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study IMPORTANCE The contribution of long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) variability to the development of primary open-angle glaucoma is still controversial. OBJECTIVE To assess whether long-term IOP variability data improve a prediction model for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals with untreated ocular hypertension. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This post hoc secondary analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials included data from 709 of 819 participants in the observation group of the Ocular

Purpose: To describe the incidence of anophthalmic ptosis, identify clinical factors associated with its development, and evaluate the effects of enucleation on eyelid mechanics. Methods: In this observational cohort study, measurements and photographs were reviewed in 139 patients who underwent enucleation between 2007 and 2016. Patient demographics, pre- and postoperative eyelid measurements, and exophthalmometry were used to assess the incidence of ptosis and effects of surgery on eyelid function. Results: Preoperative ptosis was common and more often present in patients with enophthalmos (p = 0.0305) or reactive blepharospasm (p < 0.0001). The incidence of new-onset ptosis and improvement of preexisting ptosis following enucleation were similar (40%). Surgical repair was performed in 7% of patients with ptosis. Contralateral levator function declined with age and was positively correlated with exophthalmometry (p < 0.0001). Anophthalmic levator function was greater with increased anterior projection of the implant (p < 0.0001) and prosthesis (p < 0.0001). Patients with larger implants had improved levator function, with (p = 0.0065) and without (p = 0.0007) the prosthesis. Superior sulcus deepening was associated with decreased levator activity, but not margin-reflex distance. Conclusions: Preoperative ptosis was common, and often related to reactive blepharospasm or enophthalmos. Levator function declined with age, and correlated to greater anterior projection of the implant and prosthesis following enucleation. The surgeon can counsel patients regarding the similar likelihood (40%) of preoperative ptosis improving and new ptosis developing after enucleation. The primary factor the surgeon can modify to improve postoperative eyelid function is to maximize implant size, which is associated with greater levator activity.