Background: Spina bifida is a congenital disease that occurs due to incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube. It results in impacts of a wide variety of extensions, in different systems and levels of neurological changes, which define its prognosis. Objectives: To report the number of hospitalizations of the disease in different social sectors to establish a link between etiology and health promotion. Methods: Analytical epidemiological study carried out by research at DATASUS based on the number of hospitalizations of patients with spina bifida in Brazil, between January / 2012 to December / 2020, associated with the incidence of the age group, region, sex and deaths in the country. Results: The total number of hospitalizations between the years 2012 to 2020 was 9566, with 2015 being the year with the most hospitalizations, 1205. The Northeast region had the highest percentage of hospitalizations with 45%. About the gender, there is little difference, with 49.05% female and 50.94% male. The age group, the most prevalent is the one younger than 1 year (63.28%). Regarding the number of deaths, the northeast region stood out with 47% of deaths, followed by the southeast region with 27%. In addition, the age group with a predominance of deaths 74.5% was that of less than 1 year. Conclusion:This congenital malformation acts as an important cause of neonatal mortality and a risk factor for infant morbidity. Therefore, the need for public agencies to act is evident, since it is a change that can be prevented.
Introduction: Viral encephalitis (VE) is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma that progresses to neurological dysfunction of infectious origin. It occurs after hematogenous dissemination into the Central Nervous System and the most common agents are herpes virus, influenza, enterovirus, arbovirus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr. The signs and symptoms are headache, fever, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, focal deficits and behavioral changes. Objective: Recognize the epidemiological pattern of hospitalizations for VE in Brazil, between 2010 and 2020. Methods: A search for original articles and statistical information was performed in the databases Scielo, PUBMED, Medline and DATASUS, the latter related hospitalizations for VE with region, age, gender and year. Results: Hospitalizations are greater between 0 and 14 Y.O. (59.6%) in both genders, being 1.38M: 1F. The data indicate: <1 Y.O. (15%), 1-4 Y.O. (18.1%), 5-9 Y.O. (16.2%), 10-14 Y.O. (10.2%), totalizing 59.5% (21,004) of hospitalizations (35,188) in these groups, also intensified, between 20-29 Y.O., with 3,956 cases (11.2%). Comparing 2010 and 2020 there was a 63.4% reduction in hospitalizations for VE and the Southeast had the highest rate of the disease (42.1%). Conclusion: The epidemiological pattern of VE in the last decade represented higher prevalence in the interval between 0 and 14 Y.O.; mainly from 1 to 4. The decrease in the last 11 years may be due to adherence to vaccination campaigns and increased vector control, while the hypothesis for the higher incidence in the Southeast is because it is the most populous region, with favorable geographical areas for viral dissemination.
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