Using signal detection methods, this study found participants were better able to discriminate information from news stories with redundant visuals than from news stories with dissonant visuals. This finding, along with the absence of memory decision-criterion differences between the redundant and dissonant conditions, is further evidence that the robust audio/video redundancy effect in the literature reflects differences of memory strength and not simply a shift in decision criterion. More interesting, there were no significant differences when examining correct recognitions only, further pointing to the need for signal detection methods in media memory studies.
The LUCAS CPR device represents a reliable alternative to manual CPR in a moving ambulance vehicle during emergency evacuation. Furthermore, it needs less human resources and is safer for the EMS personnel.
Research consistently shows that college choice in an important predictor of college completion and labor market outcomes. These longer term implications of college choice, combined with suboptimal choices made by many low-income but high-achieving students, has sparked several large-scale initiatives to improve college choice. Strategically targeting those students most susceptible to making questionable decisions in the college-choice process remains challenging, as variation in college choice is largely unexplained by easily measurable socio-demographic characteristics. This paper explores the potential to improve upon existing models and, more generally, to better understand college choice by documenting the similarities in college enrollment patterns between younger and older siblings. To do so, we identify siblings in the millions of SAT test-takers between the 2004 and 2011 high school graduation cohorts. We find that younger siblings enroll in the same college as their older sibling 21.2 percent of the time. Also, conditional on their own SAT scores, we find that younger siblings whose older siblings enrolled in four-year colleges and the most selective colleges are 17.4 and 21.3 percentage points, respectively, more likely to themselves enroll in four-year and the most selective colleges. Overall, adding characteristics and enrollment decisions of older siblings to standard college choice models improves model fit and consequently, are valuable pieces of information for explanatory and predictive power. *This research reflects the views of the authors and not their corresponding institutions. Authors can be contacted at joshua_goodman@hks.harvard.edu, mhurwitz@collegeboard.org, and jsmith@collegeboard.org. We thank Julia Fox for her research assistance.
The truth is that if Princeton hadn't found my brother as a basketball recruit and if I hadn't seen that hecould succeed on a campus like that, it never would have occurred to me to apply to that school, never.--Michelle Obama
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