Pig slurry (PS) applications affect soil aggregation and carbon and nitrogen contents in aggregates. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes caused by successive applications of PS and mineral fertilizer on soil aggregation and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents in aggregates of a clayey Typic Hapludox cultivated with Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton-85 in southern Brazil. The treatments consisted of six annual applications of PS (100, 200, 300, and 400 kg N ha−1) and urea (200 kg N ha−1), and a control with no fertilizer application. Soil samples were collected in March 2019 and evaluated for aggregate stability, through the geometric mean diameter of aggregates (GMD), and GMD sensitivity index (SIGMD), and mass of macro-, meso-, and microaggregates. Total organic carbon and nitrogen contents were determined in macroaggregates and microaggregates. Applications of PS to pasture soils increase dry matter production of Tifton-85 and can increase soil aggregation by increasing the mass of macroaggregates. The highest PS rates decreased aggregate stability, resulting in lower macroaggregate mass, GMD, and SIGMD, and higher microaggregate mass. PS applications to pasture soils can increase C and N contents in macro and microaggregates, and improve soil aggregation when using the rates of 100 or 200 kg N ha−1, mainly in subsurface layers.
Pig slurry (PS) has been used as soil fertilizer due to its nutrient and organic matter contents, which may improve soil nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur stocks. The objective of this work was to evaluate the best PS dose that favors the increase in dry matter production and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) contents and stocks after applications of PS to soils with Tifton-85 for six years. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications, in a hay-producing area under a clayey Typic Hapludox in southern Brazil. The treatments consisted of annual applications of organic and mineral fertilizers at rates based on their N contents, using PS (100, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha−1) and urea (200 kg ha−1), and a control without N application. Samples of the soil in 0–5, 5–10, and 10–30 cm layers were collected in March 2019 and evaluated for soil bulk density and N, C, and S contents and stocks. The Tifton-85 dry matter production was evaluated using samples from three cuts carried out between 2012/2013 and 2017/2018 agricultural years. The applications of increasing doses of PS in Tifton-85 pastures over six years increase linearly the dry matter and soil organic C, N, and S stocks in the 0–30 cm layer. The PS rate equivalent to 100 or 200 kg ha−1 of N is recommended for increasing soil C, N, and S stocks, since it resulted in C, N, and S stocks equal to or higher than the control and mineral (urea) treatments.
RESUMOO plastocrono, intervalo de tempo entre o aparecimento de dois nós sucessivos, é variável importante para caracterizar o desenvolvimento da soja. Este pode ser influenciado pela qualidade da semente. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da qualidade de sementes no plastocrono e na produtividade de plantas de soja com diferentes hábitos de crescimento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido durante as safras agrícolas 2015/2016 e 2016/2017. Foram utilizadas cultivares determinadas (BMX Ativa RR e FPS Urano RR) e indeterminadas (BMX Elite IPRO e DM 5958 RSF IPRO), com plantas originadas de sementes com maior e menor qualidade fisiológica. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Determinou-se o plastocrono pelo inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão linear entre o número de nós e a soma térmica
Este trabalho teve por objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da qualidade fisiológica de sementes no plastocrono, produtividade e comportamento de cultivares de soja. O experimento foi conduzido nos períodos de 2015/2016 e 2016/2017 no planalto médio do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizadas cultivares determinadas (BMX Ativa RR e FPS Urano RR) e indeterminadas (5855 RSF IPRO e Don Mario 5958 RSF IPRO). Em cada ano de cultivo foram conduzidos dois ensaios em população de plantas e em plantas isoladas provenientes de sementes com qualidade superior e inferior. Foi avaliado o plastocrono durante o desenvolvimento das plantas e ao final realizada a avaliação da produtividade e dos componentes da produção. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio da análise de variância e os valores médios foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. O plastocrono foi influenciado pela disponibilidade hídrica, a forma de crescimento não foi determinante na definição do plastocrono. Plantas originadas de sementes de menor qualidade necessitam de maior plastocrono durante seu ciclo. Plantas de origem de sementes de qualidade superior produzem mais grãos tanto em população de plantas como de forma isolada. O desenvolvimento das plantas não foi fator determinante para a produtividade.
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