For the past seven years, investigations have been carried out in Hiroshima and Naga sakiby the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission on the delayed effects of exposure to atomic bombs. This communication is concerned with the results of a preliminary analysis of a part of the data collected, that concerned with effects on the first generation offspring of exposed parents.The data used have been obtained from an investigation in the two cities of pregnancy terminations occurring in the years 1948-1952 . A registration system for pregnant mothers was set up in conjunction with the city offices responsible for the carrying out of rationing laws; under this system , mothers reporting for special ration cards at about the fifth month of pregnancy were interviewed by Commission employees , and data were obtained on the exposure, age, consanguinity , and previous pregnancy record of parents. At the time of birth of a child so registered , the attendant midwife or doctor obtained for us information on the type of termination , sex, and birth weight. The homes of these children were then visited by a Commission team consisting of a physician and a nurse , and the child examined for malformation. For a random 10% sample of babies , and for all babies stillborn or dying immediately following birth , or with any evidence of deviation from normality, additional information was obtained on economic status , maternal syphilis, maternal menstrual history and other matters. As many as possible stillborn infants or children dying po stnatally were brought in to the Commission's clinics for autopsy . In addition, cases of serious malformation were brought in for clinical examination . Approximately a third of all babies examined at birth were selected randomly and seen again in clinic at about 9 month of age.From these data it has been possible to extract material concerning three ki nds of inter relatedinformation: exposure of parents , indicators of exposure effects, and extraneous factors affecting these indicators . These three categories of information are discussed separately below.The criteria of exposure of parents were distance from the hypocenter (the ground point directly below the estimated position of the explosion) , and development of certain symptoms *
���� Juichi YAMAZAKIThis research clarified three points of the following in Toshima district, Hokudan-cho and Kariya district, Higashiura-cho, Awaji City where were in the hypocentral region and suffered serious damage by Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake.1.the road and the housing reconstruction after completing earthquake disaster revival projects 2.the movement of the domicile of sufferers before and after the earthquake 3.the actual condition of human relations, community succession and transfiguration after the earthquake As a result, in Toshima district, it was cleared that human relations were changed by decreasing households of Rinpo, units of local town, and the land use between houses and roads was changed by road expansions and these changes caused the transfigurations of human relations and the community.Also in Kariya district, it was cleared that community has maintained because the movement of the domicile was rare by revival projects.On the other hand it was cleared that human relations and companionship among relatives did not change greatly, although human relations among neighbors changed greatly by the movement of the domicile. Keywords :Hanshin Awaji great earthquake disaster agriculture fishing village earthquake disaster revival community Awaji-shi
This study aims to clarify regulations used among each type of registered and unregistered Malaysian homestays and to reveal issues arose regarding the implemented regulations. Selected homestays that are established by the government organizations and individuals were investigated to carry out the comparison on each homestay. Host families and persons in charge of the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC), the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), and the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development (MRRD) were also interviewed. Findings showed that there is only one guideline used for all types of homestays in Malaysia, which is the Malaysia Homestay Registration Guideline, established by MOTAC. MOTAC has also been selected as a leader of homestays in the Southeast Asian countries by the ASEAN Secretariat; therefore, the ASEAN Homestay Standard is also being referred. However, the implementation of this guideline and standard among other homestays unregistered with MOTAC (homestays established by MOA, MRRD, and individuals) is not compulsory, although encouraged, where they may receive equal benefits in term of facilities and promotion. Some issues arose due to the tax regulated by the local authorities, failure on homestays to be registered with MOTAC, and abandoned homestays. This study recommended that the Malaysia Homestay Registration Guideline to be standardized and regulated to all types of homestays, including individuals and unregistered homestays in Malaysia. This is important in order to reduce issues arose involving the homestay industry, providing safety and comfort to the tourists and, to help to develop rural income among host families and the rural community themselves.Keywords: Rural tourism, homestay, regulation, management, operation
This is the second article of the series study named. In the first article, from aspects of policy, main method, and primary research, the transition of Chinese historic heritage which focuses on Plain Protection after 1980 is reorganized. And model conservation planning cases are analyzed to explain the specific protection approach of three protection systems. In this article, taking Lizhuang Town in Yibin City for example, conservation development related to three protection systems is explored. Then method and contents in conservation planning formulation and situation of implementation process are analyzed.
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