Structural equation modeling was used to test a theoretical model of the etiology of deviant sexual aggression by adolescents. The subjects were 117 juvenile male sexual offenders who had been referred from either criminal justice or social service agencies to a clinic that treated offenders. The tested theoretical model included several family factors: perceived parental deviance, child physical and sexual abuse history, and children's bonding to their parents. The model as a whole fit the data well. Results indicated that physical abuse by the father and sexual abuse by males increased sexual aggression by adolescents. Also, children's bonding to their mother was found to decrease their sexual aggression. These results are explainable from a social learning perspective and from a parent-child attachment, or social control, perspective, but the alternative perspectives of evolutionary psychology are also considered. Directions for future research are suggested.
The aim of this experiment was to study some intrinsic factors relevant to the stress-reducing effect of fighting. Two-factorial design was employed: one factor was to concern the nature of reactive feedback that came from each target animal, and another to concern the nature of social contact (visual and/or bodily). The main results were as follows:(i) the animals shocked together and fought with each other tended to show less severe gastric lesions than both of those animals that received the same amount of shock either solitarily or under the condition that they were permitted to attack their target animals exposed to no shock, and (ii) the stressreducing effect of fighting was observed only when animals were allowed to make bodily contact with their target animals. These results indicates that the mere release of aggression is not sufficient to reduce the degree of gastric lesions, but some social elements plays an important role in the stress-reducing effect of fighting.
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