Tomographic reconstruction is an ill-posed inverse problem that calls for regularization. One possibility is to require sparsity of the unknown in an orthonormal wavelet basis. This, in turn, can be achieved by variational regularization, where the penalty term is the sum of the absolute values of the wavelet coefficients. The primal-dual fixed point (PDFP) algorithm introduced by Peijun Chen, Jianguo Huang, and Xiaoqun Zhang (Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2016) showed that the minimizer of the variational regularization functional can be computed iteratively using a soft-thresholding operation. Choosing the soft-thresholding parameter µ > 0 is analogous to the notoriously difficult problem of picking the optimal regularization parameter in Tikhonov regularization. Here, a novel automatic method is introduced for choosing µ, based on a control algorithm driving the sparsity of the reconstruction to an a priori known ratio of nonzero versus zero wavelet coefficients in the unknown.
X-ray tomography is a reliable tool for determining the inner structure of 3D object with penetrating X-rays. However, traditional reconstruction methods such as FDK require dense angular sampling in the data acquisition phase leading to long measurement times, especially in X-ray micro-tomography to obtain high resolution scans. Acquiring less data using greater angular steps is an obvious way for speeding up the process and avoiding the need to save huge data sets. However, computing 3D reconstruction from such a sparsely sampled dataset is difficult because the measurement data is usually contaminated by errors and linear measurement models do not contain sufficient information to solve the problem in practice. An automatic regularization method is proposed for robust reconstruction, based on enforcing sparsity in the three-dimensional shearlet transform domain. The inputs of the algorithm are the projection data and a priori known expected degree of sparsity, denoted 0 < Cpr ≤ 1. The number Cpr can be calibrated from a few dense-angle reconstructions and fixed. Human subchondral bone samples were tested and morphometric parameters of the bone reconstructions were then analyzed using standard metrics. The proposed method is shown to outperform the baseline algorithm (FDK) in the case of sparsely collected data. The number of X-ray projections can be reduced up to 10% of the total amount 300 projections over 180 degrees with uniform angular step while retaining the quality of the reconstruction images and of the morphometric parameters.
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