Even though the downhole gauges and wellhead meter (wet gas meter) have been invented decades ago, having them installed in every wells are still considered as a luxury for many companies. However, does this view still reasonable for a tight gas reservoir let alone located in a remote area? This study will describe the benefit of having both equipment for reservoir management practice in one of the biggest tight gas reservoirs in Indonesia. Generally, reservoir management is an iterative process that incorporates the analysis of reservoir characterization, development plan, implementation, and monitoring. There are many analyses from the reservoir management process that can be performed using above mentioned equipment. Several analyses have been performed, such as: (i) Interference Test and Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) after well is completed; (ii) Evolution of connected volume since early production until present day using Dynamic Material Balance (DMB); (iii) Flow regime and reservoir properties using Rate Transient Analysis (RTA); and (iv) Reservoir simulation: regular model update and project opportunity identification. In this study, the above-mentioned analyses are performed in one of the massive tight gas reservoir in Indonesia that is located in the remote area. Having a complete reservoir surveillance tools such as downhole gauges and wellhead meter on each wells is beneficial for reservoir management practice. Precious subsurface data can be obtained anytime without having to wait for equipment mobilization to location. This is critical for managing tight gas reservoir which usually demands robust subsurface data to reduce its uncertainties. There are several findings based on the above mentioned analyses, such as: (i) The interference test indicates there is reservoir connectivity among the production wells; (ii) The PTA indicates that the reservoir has tight properties, although longer buildup/observation time is still needed to better understand the reservoir characteristics in wider scale; (iii) The DMB analysis can be performed even in daily basis to provide the insight on connected gas initial in place (GIIP) evolution through time, as in this case it still shows an increasing GIIP through time which is suspected due to the transient flow regime on the wells; (iv) The RTA can also be performed in similar fashion, if it is combine with other analyses, this analysis able to provide a multi-scale reservoir properties investigation from near wellbore to far field and flow period observation (boundary observation) through time, as in this case the reservoir properties is tight and flow is still in transient period; (v) It increases robustness of reservoir simulation update since it is supported by many analyses, as such, series of hopper can be confidently presented to management, as in this case a project of well stimulation (Acid Fracturing) has been performed successfully and opportunity of further field development plan can be identified. This paper shows that, for the tight reservoir in the remote location, having each well equipped with downhole gauges and dedicated wellhead meter is significantly increasing the robustness of reservoir management process. Thus, providing economic optimization for the managed asset. Regarding the capital that is invested at the beginning, it will simply pay out quickly, looking at the time and resources that need to be spent for having equipment on site.
As one of gas field producers located in South Sumatra Indonesia, the S field produced 70 MMSCFD as its peak production. It is a high pressure and high temperature gas impurities of 30% CO2 and 100-ppm H2S. The field has been producing since April 2010, with current recovery more than 50% of initial gas in place. Utilizing initial estimated OGIP (Original Gas In Place), the gas deliverability was predicted to last only until 2022. There are high uncertainties in estimating accurate reserves value due to lack of reservoir data such as reservoir pressure and SCAL (Special Core Analysis). Therefore, additional information such as SBHP (Static Bottom Hole Pressure) survey data and well optimization are essential to be conducted to narrow the uncertainties in reserves estimation and gas deliverability. Apparently, in 2018 and 2019 during CPP (Central Processing Plant) shut down for preventive maintenance activity, SBHP survey could be performed. Additional pressure data was utilized to update the OGIP analysis by combining several methods such as p/z analysis, flowing material balance, rate transient analysis and history matching of dynamic model analysis. The analysis shows conclusive result that there is significant increase in the OGIP and reserves, estimated 16% of additional gas reserves. To support enhance gas deliverability, the production network model was then created to evaluate existing production method. This updated system analysis showed significant bottleneck at the existing production system that limiting the production rate from the wells. As part of debottlenecking endeavor, temperature survey on the production system was employed to overcome the limited availability of pressure survey points in the system. Furthermore, the successful debottlenecking activity combined with temperature drop analysis resulted in 20% additional gas deliverability. This integrated evaluation and optimization also prolong the field lifetime until 2025. This paper describes some of the challenges and lessons learned during the evaluation and optimization in the high pressure and high temperature sour gas field.
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