T his paper evaluates the economic advantages and disadvantages of the Eastern expansion of the European Union for old and new EU member states, and introduces support programmes which aim to integrate regions on both sides of the border. It focuses especially on the development of cross-border scientific cooperation between Germany and Poland. An empirical study on the example of the Europa University Viadrina (EUV), a newly founded university in the German-Polish border region, shows the extent of German-Polish cooperation based on co-publication activity. In our
Microfirms play a significant role in the Central/Eastern European economies, comprising 86% of the total amount of active firms. Development of microfirms is influenced by the local entrepreneurial environment. This article discusses the role of the local formal (regulations, local acts of law) and informal (customs, social norms and values) institutions in the development of microfirms. Synthetic exploration of the coexistence of formal and informal institutions on the example of Masovian and Swietokrzyskie voivodeships in Poland has been carried out. To present a multifaceted perspective, the following research methods were used: a survey among formal local institutions, individual indepth interviews with microfirms' owners and Regional Chambers of Commerce and also a case study on the local law acts. The findings suggest that the development instruments used by formal local institutions are inadequate for the needs of MF's. Furthermore, the crucial role of family support, and the importance of knowledge sharing has been found.
Innovations are seen as an important factor of regional growth, but what influences the innovation activity of enterprises? In the regional innovation system, the set of actors interacting with each other is surrounded with a specific socio-economic environment. In the present research, the following economic and social features in a region – human capital, social capital, the level of economic development, and the existence of FDI – are analysed as possible factors of the innovation activity undertaken by enterprises. Two types of innovation activity are analysed: in-house R&D and the acquisition of machinery, software and equipment. The analysis was conducted for the years: 2004-2006, 2006-2008, 2008-2010, 2010-2012, 2012-2014, and the 16 Polish NUTS-2 regions. Based on the results of econometric panel models, innovation cooperation was found to be significant and positively related with both types of innovation activity. Moreover, public financial support and the level of foreign capital involvement were found positively related with the in-house R&D activity.
In light of increasing ecological issues, the deployment of environmentally friendly technologies is of major importance. This paper examines how institutions can influence firm behaviour with respect to introducing environmental innovations. Based on institutional and innovation theory, we explore the relationship of institutional factors with two highly relevant and heterogeneous types of environmental innovation, namely: the reduction of material use (Ecomat) and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions (Ecoco). We utilise the 2008 and 2014 survey waves of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). This allows us to explore two separate cross-sectional samples at different points of time. Each sample is drawn from twelve European Union countries, giving us a total of about 70,000 firms. We find that formal institutions more strongly influence Ecoco innovation, especially for the CIS 2014 sample. We find that informal institutions affect both innovation types similarly.
T his paper evaluates the economic advantages and disadvantages of the Eastern expansion of the European Union for old and new EU member states, and introduces support programmes which aim to integrate regions on both sides of the border. It focuses especially on the development of cross-border scientific cooperation between Germany and Poland. An empirical study on the example of the Europa University Viadrina (EUV), a newly founded university in the German-Polish border region, shows the extent of German-Polish cooperation based on co-publication activity. In our Keywords: EU eastern enlargement; Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs); economic development; cross-border scientific cooperation; border region; European University Viadrina (EUV); co-publication analysis; Germany; Poland. small-scale empirical investigation for the Faculty of Business Administration and Economics of the EUV, we identified quite a number of co-publications between EUV staff and Polish colleagues. Most of them take place within the EUV, and many relate to cooperative work with scientific entities in both Poland and Germany. The entire intensity and frequency of cooperative scientific activities is, however, much broader than the publication analysis shows and offers scope for further integration with possible positive spillovers for the economic development as well.
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