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With a wider availability of imaging tools and a better understanding of risk factors and mechanisms, clinicians maybe able to more accurately identify those at greater risk of developing angle closure disease and tailor their treatment according to the predominant factor(s) involved.

In this case-control study, we compared the optic nerves (ONs) by clinical examination and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) of 40 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and 50 controls. There was a reduction in the number of ON fibers in patients with AD, with a threefold greater odds ratio for a larger optic cup-to-disc ratio in patients with AD.

Aims To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained using the Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (PDCT) with the standard Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and to correlate these with central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with normal corneas. Methods A prospective, masked, comparative case series of 116 eyes from patients attending a glaucoma clinic. IOP was measured with PDCT by one examiner and with GAT by a masked, independent examiner. A mean of six CCT readings was used for analysis. Results IOP measured by the two instruments correlated significantly (r ¼ 0.77; Po0.0001). IOP measured by GAT correlated strongly with CCT (r ¼ 0.37, P ¼ 0.0001) whereas the relationship between IOP measured by PDCT and CCT approached significance (r ¼ 0.17, P ¼ 0.073). The differences between GAT and PDCT measured IOP also correlated strongly with CCT (r ¼ 0.37, Po0.0001). The 95% limits of agreement between GAT and PDCT were 74.2 mmHg. Dividing the eyes into three groups on the basis of CCT, demonstrated those in the thickest tertile showed a poorer agreement between instruments and the GAT measured significantly higher IOP in this group (P ¼ 0.003) while the PDCT showed no significant differences with different CCTs (P ¼ 0.37). Conclusion Demonstration of the relative independence of PDCT IOP measurements from CCT supports a potential clinical role for this instrument, particularly for subjects with CCT outside the normal range.

Significant differences exist in practice profiles and personal circumstances between male and female ophthalmologists. Females appear to balance work and personal responsibilities by working fewer hours, and for lower income. Despite this, they are less likely to be in a stable relationship, or to have children. However, there is no difference between the two groups in overall career satisfaction.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyse laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy images of the corneal epithelium and sub-basal nerve plexus in patients with keratoconus and to correlate these microstructural observations with corneal sensitivity.

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