Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a major public health concern which is responsible for acute illness, infertility, long-term disability and death globally. The adverse effect is however profound in developing countries and among women when left untreated. In Nigeria, the Boko haram insurgence and other confl icts has given rise to internally displaced persons. The increased reports of STIs among internally displaced persons which women and children make up the largest population and the dearth of literature on epidemiological studies on STIs among internally displaced persons initiated the need for the study.Aim: This study seeks to determine the risk factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among internally displaced women of child bearing age in Internally Displaced Persons Camps in Abuja. Methodology:A community based retrospective case-control study design was used. Each consenting participant was screened to detect the presence of antibodies for Hepatitis B, C, HIV, and Syphilis using Rapid Diagnostic Tests. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors among study participants after being validated and its reliability tested. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants (n=362) and Cases and Controls were selected using set criteria.Results: Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 21. Chi-square was used to determine the association between variables and STI morbidity within the period of 6months and above prior to the study. Variables found to be signifi cant in the analysis were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to estimate the strength of the associations between these variables and STI morbidity. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically signifi cant. With respects to Infl uence of sociodemographic characteristics as a risk-factor of STI there was signifi cant association between marital status and STI morbidity. (X 2 =8.445, P=0.004). Sexual behaviours which were signifi cantly associated as risk-factors of STIs were number of sexual partners (X 2 =4.032, P=0.045), use of sexual performance enhancers (X 2 =12.302, P=0.001). Furthermore, getting a reward for sex a variable of gender-based violence had a very signifi cant association with STIs morbidity (X 2 =7.086, P=0.008). IDP mobility as a risk-factor for STI revealed that the nature of relationships study participants had outside the IDP camp was signifi cantly associated with STIs (X 2 =5.710, P=0.017). The adjusted logistic regression model showed that the likelihood of STI morbidity was 1.8 times more among single respondents when compared to married respondents (OR=1.8). Respondents with no sexual partners were 1.5 times more likely to get an STI when compared with those who had sexual partners (OR=1.5). Furthermore, respondents who used sexual performance enhancers were 2.9 times more likely to have an STI when compared with those who used no form of sexual performance enhancer (OR=2.923, P-value=0.001). Conclusion:This study f...
Introduction: Unintentional chemical poisoning contributes significantly to under-five morbidity, mortality, and disability with an incidence rate of 442/100,000 children age 0-5 years, in low-and middle-income countries. Unintentional ingestion of harmful chemicals by under-five children can be prevented if some risk factors that predispose under-five children to unintentional chemical poisoning are modified. The aim of this study is to determine the risk of unintentional ingestion of harmful chemicals among under-five children in Calabar South Local Government Area (LGA) of Cross River State. Materials and Methods: Analytic epidemiology (case-control) design was employed in this study, 120 under-five children living with their parents in Calabar South LGA, Cross River State, were recruited through the use of multistage and simple random sampling technique by balloting. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection after being validated and its reliability tested. Cases were matched with controls using frequency matching. Multivariate analysis in the binary logistic regression model was used to test the hypotheses. Results: The result revealed that underfive children in Calabar South LGA, below 25 months of age are 2 times more likely to have unintentional ingestion of harmful chemicals (odds ratio [OR] = 2.786, P = 0.032). Under-five children under the care of a mother/caregiver below 36 years of age are 1.654 times more likely to experience unintentional ingestion of harmful chemical (OR = 1.654, P = 0.026). Under-five children who are under the care of a mother/caregiver without any formal educational attainment are 2 times more likely to experience unintentional ingestion of harmful chemical (OR = 2.000, P = 0.040). Under-five children residing in non-confortable apartments with their mothers/caregivers are 2 times more likely to experience unintentional ingestion of harmful chemicals (OR = 2.707, P = 0.043). Under-five children whose mothers/caregivers have no designated place where chemicals are kept are 2 times more likely to have unintentional ingestion of harmful chemicals (OR = 2.281, P = 0.040). Under-five children are 5 times more likely to have unintentional ingestion of harmful chemicals when the container of the chemical has no airtight/child-resistant cover on it (OR = 5.364, P = 0.041). Household cleaning agents were the most ingested chemical substances (25.0%) among under-five children in Calabar South LGA, Cross River State. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that mothers/caregivers of under-five children should take more preventive measures in keeping household cleaning agents and other harmful chemical substances away from the reach of the under-five child. Furthermore, all household chemicals should be airtight/properly covered to avoid under-five children gaining access to it and possibly ingesting it. The researcher also recommended a childhood risk prevention and reduction program targeted at under-five children (especially those within the age of 1-...
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