The short-term mother-child and father-child psychoanalytic psychotherapy assumes that children develop specific types of relationships with each parent, as well as with the parenting couple. The model integrates an intra-psychic, object-relational view with an interpersonal perspective to the treatment of relational disturbances in childhood. The same therapist meets with the mother-child, father-child dyads on a weekly basis, along with regular meetings with the parental dyad. The model focuses on the developmentally prelatency child's need for the active participation of both parents in the here-and-now shared experiences of the therapeutic process. The participants express, in interactions and in enactments, various contents and meanings of their specific patterns of relations. The therapist addresses the behaviours as well as the meanings of relations, thus promoting reflective understanding and experiential changes in self, other, and self-other relations. The child's active and different participation with each parent is the main change-promoting factor. The child uses mainly the medium of play to express his/her needs and to mobilize the therapist's help. The therapist's access to the different dyads is utilized to better understand the explicit and implicit relational themes. The therapist supports the co-construction of new and different behaviour patterns and the co-creation of additional meanings to representations. The setup fosters the child's active participation in each dyad's growth-promoting changes.
The validity of the neonatal behavioral assessment scale in predicting later infant temperament is of theoretical and clinical importance. The scale was administered to 47 full-term healthy neonates. Of these, 40 were followed and the infant characteristics questionnaire was given at four months of age. Significant correlations were revealed between the neonatal assessment items from the clusters of orientation and motor maturity and the temperament factors "fussy-difficult" and "unpredictable". Items from the cluster of autonomic stability correlated with the temperament factor "unadaptable." These correlations possibly indicate that perceived temperament does reflect intrinsic infant qualities.
Associations between mother-child interaction at 12 months and children's feature knowledge of self and mother at 20 months were investigated in 81 dyads. Mother-Child interaction was assessed by scales adapted from the Parent Child Early Relational Assessment (1985). Self-and mother knowledge were assessed by Self-and Mother Feature Knowledge Scales. Associations were found between motherchild interaction and later self-and mother feature knowledge. Maternal behavior characterized by positive affect and sensitive responsiveness and child behavior characterized by positive affect, responsiveness, and balanced attention between mother and environment were related to a more complex knowledge of self and mother. On sensorimotor items children knew more about self than about mother while on representational items children knew more about mother than about self. The findings support the view that more harmonious interactions are related to more complex self-and mother feature knowledge.RESUMEN: Se investigaron las asociaciones entre la interacción madre-niño a los 12 meses, y el conocimiento que el niño tiene de las características propias y de la madre a los 20 meses, en 81 díadas. La interacción madre-niño fue evaluada por medio de escalas adaptadas de la Evaluación de la Temprana Relación entre Madre-Hijo (Clark, 1985). El conocimiento propio y de la madre fue evaluado por medio This study was supported in part by a grant from the Israel Foundation Trustees, and the Yael-Anna Foundation. The study is part of the research conducted by Judith Harel for her doctoral dissertation, supervised by Professor Michael Jaffe and by Professor Emanuel Tirosh. This study is also part of a longitudinal study conducted with Dr. Anat Scher, on sleep-related issues in the first year of life. Some of the findings of this study were presented as a poster at the Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington, DC, 1997. The authors wish to thank Professor Avi Sagi for the access to the Child Development Laboratory facilities, and Dr. Lee Gaber, for his helpful suggestions. We wish to thank the families whose continued cooperation and commitment made the study possible. Address correspondence to: Dr. Judith Harel, Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel. E-mail: rsps227@uvm.haifa.ac.il. 124• J. Harel, D. Oppenheim, E. Tirosh, and M. Gini de las Escalas de Conocimiento de las Características Propias y de la Madre (Pipp, Fischer y Jennings, 1987). Se encontraron asociaciones entre la interacción madre-niño y el conocimiento tardío de las características propias y de la madre. La conducta materna caracterizada por el afecto positivo y la sensibilidad, y la conducta del niño caracterizada por el afecto positivo, la sensibilidad y la atención equilibrada entre madre y ambiente, fueron relacionadas con un conocimiento propio y de la madre más complejo. En asuntos sensorimotores los niños sabían más acerca de ellos mismos que acerca de sus madres, mientras que en asuntos de representac...
Safran and Muran’s classic theoretical framework of alliance rupture and repair suggests effective techniques for repairing alliance ruptures. Accumulating empirical evidence suggests that successful processes of rupture and repair result in better therapeutic outcome and reduced dropout rates. Although ruptures in the alliance in child psychotherapy are frequent, little is known about how to repair them. The present paper proposes a model for identifying and repairing ruptures in child psychotherapy based on Safran and Muran. It consists of four phases: i) identifying the rupture and understanding its underlying communication message, ii) indicating the presence of the rupture, iii) accepting responsibility over the therapists’ part in the rupture and emphasizing the children’s active role as communicators of their distress, and iv) resolving the rupture using change strategies and meta-communication by constructing a narrative story. The theoretical rationale of each phase is explained in detail, and practical clinical guidelines are provided. Empirical studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
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