Although challenges exist in leveraging PHD for research, there are many opportunities for stakeholder engagement, and experimentation with these data is already taking place. These early examples foreshadow a much larger set of activities with the potential to positively transform how health research is conducted.

This paper reports on a current project, KNOWMOBILE, that explores how wireless and mobile technologies, in this case how Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) may be useful in medical education and clinical practice, particularly to access net‐based information. KNOWMOBILE is a research collaboration involving academic and industrial partners which aims to support Problem‐Based Learning (PBL) and the integration of Evidence‐Based Medicine (EBM) in medical education reform in Norway. What does ‘just‐in‐time’ access to information mean in clinical settings? How can health professionals be helped with access to the most up‐to‐date medical information? From a preliminary analysis of the problems of Personal Digital Assistants in use — and nonuse — problems regarding information and communication infrastructure discussed that require work from a social historical interpretation of ‘infrastructures’ in order to enhance design perspectives and directions for future research. It is concluded that the PDAs should not be regarded as Personal Digital Assistants, but rather as gateways in complicated webs of interdependent technical and social networks.

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We present Design participation(-s) -a creative commons for ongoing change as the second set of the double special issue contributions that began in CoDesign 4 (1), March 2008. In the first volume, collectively painted a picture of today's dynamic landscape of experimentation with forms of joint inquiry for collaborative idea generation sparked by an openness towards what can be designed and adaptive deployment of participatory tactics. In the lively currents of participation in design and design research, the contributors offer new perspectives on how researchers are exploring core themes of making design practices a creative commons for on-going change.The three contributions in this volume from Erling Bjarki Bjo¨rgvinsson, Margot Brereton and Jacob Buur, and Thomas Binder and Eva Brandt take us into new territory for co-creation between designers and diverse 'users' and stakeholders. With historical inspirations as starting points, each article takes up the intricate challenges of realising 'the ethos of participatory design' (Brereton and Buur, this issue) in contexts where the boundaries of the participatory design projects are blurred, the distinctions between designer and user are no longer self-evident, and participation is as much about reflexivity as about pursuing predefined goals. In the first article, Bjo¨rgvinsson proposes open-ended collaborative design for emerging social practices in which participatory design is seen as prototypical practice. In the second article, Brereton and Buur argue that participation is essential in the era of ubiquitous computing and that participatory design in some sense must become ubiquitous as well. In the final article, Binder and Brandt put forward the Design:Lab as a platform for collaborative inquiry and co-design experiments, where participation is deliberately staged as a junction of multiple stakeholders.We point to three recursive issues that are raised rather than resolved by the contributions to the Participation(-s) double special issues. These questions posed by these themes confront the design community at large.. The troublesome notions of 'users' and 'stakeholders' in changing relations in design. . The significance of reflection and reflected practice in design research and practice. . The co-design turn: what is gained and what is lost?The troublesome notions of 'users' and 'stakeholders' in changing relations in co-design Why do the labels and notions of 'user' and 'stakeholder' persistently hold on in light of changing relations and design contexts that recast 'users' as co-creators? How can we express new co-designing relations between designers, practitioners and other stakeholders and participants whose roles are already changed and changing in collaborative design