This paper addresses the statutory financial relations and financial autonomy of local government in Nigeria, and the freedom of local government to generate revenue from its assigned sources without external interference. It focuses particularly on a financial instrument called the State Joint Local Government Account (SJLGA) and how its operations have positively or negatively affected the financial autonomy of local government councils and the inter-relations between state and local government in Nigeria.
Community policing is fast becoming a global trend, especially in the 21 st century. But community policing is neither foreign nor new to Africa, because long before European colonialism in Africa, the traditional African political societies had been policing and securing themselves. The European colonialism supplanted African model of community policing with colonial police who alienated the people. This alienation continued in postcolonial Nigeria deepening the distrust or mistrust between the people and the police. Rather than community policing, the Nigerian police has been busy policing the community thereby alienating the people more. This lack of cooperation from the people has a serious consequence, which is the inability of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) to combat crime and tackle various security challenges in Nigeria leading to the proliferation of vigilante security architecture particularly in the form of vigilante militia groups. But this proliferation has only exacerbated security challenges in Nigeria owing to the distrust between them and the police. So far, community policing as implemented in Nigeria has not ensured security and safety in Nigeria not to talk of facilitating community development. Thus, insecurity, crimes and disorder have hindered development in the communities. The paper concluded that so long as the Nigerian Police engages in policing the community instead of partnering with the community in matters of security, safety and development in the communities will continue to elude Nigeria. This study is essentially qualitative, descriptive, and prescriptive.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the social, environmental and financial benefits (including the impact thereof) of implementing energy and thermal efficiency technologies Solar Water Heating (SWH) and passive thermal intervention in low income housing development project. Problem of investigation: South African housing backlog is estimated at 2.1 million households that do not have access to adequate housing. The housing subsidy which is government assistance to household to access housing does not include the provision of ceilings or geysers and it is noted that 54% of household in South Africa do not have geysers. Cosmo City located north of Johannesburg K553 emerged out of an urgent need to provide accommodation for the informal settlers of Zevenfontein and Riverbend who had been illegally occupying privately owned land 25km to the North West of the Johannesburg Central Business District CBD. These informal settlements were characterized by substandard living conditions, low level of income, high unemployment, low level of education and limited access to basic services. The development of Cosmo City as a mixed income housing project in South Africa is aimed at addressing complex and peculiar circumstances as compared to other international experiences. The units which range between, 36 m 2 and 40 m 2 were fitted with energy efficiency interventions which included Solar Water Heating (SWH) system by Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA). Hence, this investigation tends to review this project and question the extent to which this intervention has assisted in reducing electricity cost for the households and enhance comfort and quality of life of the residents with associated behavioural change as well as promotion of sustainable environmental practices. Design/Methodology: This investigation will be based on primary data, sample interview of 30 residents of the low income housing as well as secondary data. Both published and unpublished literatures will equally be used in this study, as well as focus group discussions and interviews with the beneficiaries, the principal developers and City of Johannesburg representatives. Conclusion: Result of the findings indicates that the occupants of the units with SWH were able to save R250 per month as compared to residents in normal electricity grid. There is also reduction in carbon emission resulting from the use of paraffin for heating and improved environmental education programme.
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