The aim of the present study is to assess the agronomic efficiency and potential of using biotite, a remineralizer, as nutrient source to both soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill and maize silage (Zea mays L.). These crops were grown in succession in different soils. The research was conducted due to the importance of adopting alternative sources of fertilizers for agriculture and the relevance of using ground silicate rock powders to maximize plant growth. The purpose was to also register this product in Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) as a soil remineralizer. Biotite (BE), a silicate rock powder used as soil remineralizer, was provided by Embu Mineral Company, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo State, Brazil. BE samples were used for particle size, mineralogical and geochemical analysis in order to assess its classification as a soil remineralizers based on Normative Instruction N. 5/2006, by MAPA. Two experiments, one with each crop, were conducted on a sandy loam texture Yellow Latosol (LA) and a clay Red Latosol (LV) soil. The experiments were zed block design with four replicates. Treatments consisted, witness, biotite (BE) remineralizer at four increasing K2O rates (30, 60, 120 and 240 kg K2O ha-1), KCl at 60 kg K2O ha-1, and FMX remineralizer (fine-graded mica schist from Pedreira Araguaia Mineral Company). Both KCl and FMX were used as reference K2O sources. Yield data have shown K release in the soil and absorption by the test plants resulted in yield increases. Biotite behavior in the soil is similar to that of FMX and in some cases, to that of KCl. Biotite has great potential to be used as potassium source in soybean and maize crops.
RESUMOO experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de P e K na altura, produção de massa seca e nutrição da crotalária em ARGISSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO-Eutrófico, sob vegetação do cerrado. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com 3 repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram de quatro doses de P (0, 25, 50 e 75 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 ) e quatro de K (0, 25, 50 e 75 kg ha -1 de K 2 O). Aos 60 dias após a germinação, antes do período de floração, foi realizado o corte da leguminosa. Foram realizadas análises químicas da parte área para determinação das concentrações de macro e micronutrientes. A aplicação de 75 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 e K 2 O, promoveu melhores resultados na altura de planta e produção de massa seca da crotalária. As maiores concentrações de P e Ca foram observadas com as doses de 75 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 e a maior concentração de K foi obtida com a aplicação de 75 kg ha -1 de K 2 O.Termos para indexação: Nutrição mineral, produção de massa seca. ABSTRACTThe experiment was carried under greenhouse conditions with the objective of evaluating P and K effects on plant height, dry matter production and nutrition of crotalaria in an eutrophic Red -Yellow Argisol (alfisol), under cerrado vegetation. The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with three replications. The treatments involved four phosphorus levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg/ha of P 2 O 5 ) and four potassium levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg/ha of K 2 O). At sixty days, after sowing and before flowering period, plants were harvested. Shoot s macro and micronutrient concentrations were determined by chemical analysis. Application of 75 kg ha -1 P 2 O 5 and K 2 O promoted the best reults in plant height and dry matter production of crotalaria. Highest P and Ca concentrations were observed by applying 75 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 and the highest K concentration was verified when 75 kg ha -1 of K 2 O were applied.
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