When simulating the time evolution of quantum many-body systems on a digital quantum com- puter, one faces the challenges of quantum noise and of the Trotter error due to time discretization. For certain spin chains, it is possible to discretize the time evolution preserving integrability, so that an extensive set of conserved charges are exactly conserved after discretization. In this work we implement, on real quantum computers and on classical simulators, the integrable Trotterization of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXX spin chain. We study how quantum noise affects the time evolution of several conserved charges, and observe the decay of the expectation values. We in addition study the early time behaviors of time evolution, which can potentially be used to benchmark quantum devices and algorithms in the future. We also provide an efficient method to generate the conserved charges at higher orders.
The scintillation yields of ZnWO$_4$ crystals change depending on the incident direction of particles. This property can be used as a direction-sensitive dark matter detector, so we investigated the ZnWO$_4$ light yields ratio of neutron-induced nuclear recoils to gamma-ray-induced electron recoils (quenching factor). Two surfaces almost perpendicular to the crystal axis of ZnWO$_4$ were irradiated with a quasi-monochromatic neutron beam of 0.885 MeV, and the quenching factors of both surfaces for the oxygen-nucleus recoil in the ZnWO$_4$ crystal were measured. The obtained quenching factors of the two surfaces were $0.235 \pm 0.026$ and $0.199 \pm 0.020$, respectively, confirming 15.3% anisotropy.
We measured the scintillation light yield of ZnWO 4 crystals using a quasi-monochromatic neutron beam energy of 865 keV. Irradiating the neutron beam on two surfaces, which are almost perpendicular to the crystal axis, the light yield of oxygen recoil was measured. The obtained light yield ratio of a neutron recoil to gamma-ray-induced electron recoil for two surfaces was 0.235 ± 0.026 and 0.199 ± 0.020, respectively, which corresponds to 15.3% of anisotropy for ∼200-keV nuclear recoils of this crystal. This property can be applied to a directionsensitive dark matter (DM) detector.
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