The electrochemical degradation of two highly consumed analgesics, naproxen (NPX) and diclofenac (DFC), mediated by chloride ions and using a dimensionally stable anode (Ti/IrO2), is compared. In the first part, the ability of the system to generate reactive chlorine species was evaluated as a function of the current density (j= 1.25, 3.13, 5.00 mA cm-2) and the chloride concentration ([NaCl]= 0.01, 0.025, 0.05 mol L-1). Subsequently, under proper conditions, the process performance to degrade the pharmaceuticals individually and mixed, in distilled water and synthetic fresh urine, was evaluated. The electrochemical system achieved 100 % of NPX and DFC elimination in distilled water at 0.017 and 0.056 Ah L-1, respectively. A strong dependence on the chemical structure of the analgesic was evidenced in the degradation kinetics. Finally, slow elimination of the pharmaceuticals in the urine was observed, because of compounds in this complex matrix that compete for the degrading agents.
Simulación dinámica computacional de la hemodinámica de un aneurisma cerebral bajo la acción de un campo magnético externoComputational fluid dynamic simulation of the hemodynamics of a brain aneurysm under the action of an external magnetic field
The objective of this reflection article is to demonstrate the applicability of the concept of thermoeconomics as support for strategic management accounting in the chemical industry. The concept of thermoeconomics is described, as well as its applications on energy performance and production process costs. The concept of strategic accounting is also described, and an illustrative example is provided to relate the two concepts and demonstrate that thermoeconomics could be a functional tool in calculating strategic costs for generating competitive advantages in the chemical sector.
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