Ultrasonography is a method of imaging that classically is used in dermatology to
study changes in the hypoderma, as nodules and infectious and inflammatory
processes. The introduction of high frequency and resolution equipments enabled
the observation of superficial structures, allowing differentiation between skin
layers and providing details for the analysis of the skin and its appendages.
This paper aims to review the basic principles of high frequency ultrasound and
its applications in different areas of dermatology.
The present essay is aimed at getting the radiologist familiar with the basic
histological skin structure, allowing for a better correlation with sonographic
findings. A high-frequency (22 MHz) ultrasonography apparatus was utilized in the
present study. The histological analysis was performed after the skin specimens
fixation with formalin, inclusion in paraffin blocks and subsequent staining with
hematoxylin-eosin. The authors present a literature review showing the relationship
between sonographic and histological findings in normal cutaneous tissue, and discuss
the technique for a better performance of the sonographic scan. High-frequency
ultrasonography is an excellent tool for the diagnosis of different skin conditions.
However, as this method is operator-dependent, it is crucial to understand the normal
skin structure as well as the correlation between histological and sonographic
findings.
Skin remodelling induced by MAL-PDT was demonstrated in photodamaged skin. Two sessions of MAL-PDT increases immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 in the dermis at 3 months after treatment, and also of collagen type I.
Collision tumors are characterized by the coexistence of two cancers in the same
anatomical site and its pathogenesis remains controversial. Although uncommon, the
association of basal cell carcinoma and melanocytic nevus is the most common among
combinations of skin tumors. Even rarer is the association of two malignant tumors.
We report a case of tumor collision representing melanoma and basosquamous cell
carcinoma, a combination not previously described in the literature, since there are
no reported cases of melanoma with this type of basal cell carcinoma.
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