Abstract:The knowledge of the topographic features, the building properties, and the road infrastructure settings are relevant operational tasks for managing post-crisis events, restoration activities, and for supporting search and rescue operations. Within such a framework, airborne remote sensing tools have demonstrated to be powerful instruments, whose joint use can provide meaningful analyses to support the risk assessment of urban environments. Based on this rationale, in this study, the operational benefits obtained by combining airborne LiDAR and hyperspectral measurements are shown. Terrain and surface digital models are gathered by using LiDAR data. Information about roads and roof materials are provided through the supervised classification of hyperspectral images. The objective is to combine such products within a geographic information system (GIS) providing value-added maps to be used for the seismic vulnerability assessment of urban environments. Experimental results are gathered for the city of Cosenza, Italy.
El sector de alimentos y el agua en países en desarrollo, son elementos fundamentales para alcanzar los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible. Este reto a enfrentar es mayor cuando el 90% de las empresas son pequeñas y medianas (Pymes). Para evaluar cómo es el manejo del agua en las Pymes, un estudio de caso fue desarrollado en una planta de beneficio avícola colombiana. Visitas técnicas, monitoreos y balances de agua determinaron el funcionamiento. El desempeño fue evaluado por un análisis de sensibilidad. El consumo promedio de agua fue 206,2m3.d-1 hallando desempeños entre 10,9 y 28,8 L.pollo-1, con las áreas de desplume y evisceración responsables del 62% y la limpieza del 19%. Diariamente 32,4m3 de agua son empleados como medio de transporte. Se encontró que el consumo de agua excede los valores recomendados del Programa de Mejores Prácticas de Tecnología Ambiental. Propuestas de mejora enfocadas en prevención y minimización fueron planteadas.
The knowledge of topographic features and building properties is a relevant operational task for evaluating the seismic vulnerability of urban environments as well as for managing post crisis events, restoration activities and supporting search & rescue operations. Within such a framework, airborne remote sensing tools, such as LiDAR and Hyperspectral sensors, have demonstrated to be powerful instruments, whose jointly use can provide meaningful parameters to describe both topographic settings and buildings properties. Based on this rationale, in this study, the operational benefits obtained by combining airborne LiDAR and Hyperspectral measurements are provided to support the seismic vulnerability assessment of urban seismic areas. The terrain and surface digital models are gathered by using LiDAR data, while roads and roof materials information are provided through the supervised classification of Hyperspectral images. The objective is to combine these products within a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform to provide value-added thematic maps that can be used to support the seismic vulnerability analysis of urban environments. Meaningful experimental results are gathered for the city of Cosenza (Italy) in terms of topographic, building and road assessment maps. They allow OPEN ACCESS 1 demonstrating the benefits of the proposed approach for both seismic assessment and risk mitigation purposes.
Therapeutic plasma exchange. Experience in 102 patientsBackground: Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) is a procedure in which plasma and harmful macromolecules are separated from the rest of the blood components by centrifugation or filtration through membranes and are replaced with solutions with albumin and/or plasma. Aim: To communicate our experience using TPE by filtration. Material and Methods: Review of records of 655 TPE sessions performed in 102 patients aged 50 ± 18 years (64% women). The requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and seven days and one year mortality were recorded. Results: Forty five percent of patients had hypertension or diabetes. The main indications for TPE were pulmonary-renal syndrome (PRS) (62%) and antibody mediated graft rejection (29%), followed by neurological diseases (36%). Fifteen percent of patients required RRT for one year. Mortality at seven days and one year was 20 and 30%, respectively. Out of the total of deaths associated with kidney diseases, 88% corresponded to PRS and ANCA vasculitis. The main complications were thrombocytopenia in 41%, hypocalcemia in 18%, and hypotension in 16%. Conclusions: In our experience, TPE by filtration is a safe technique, with mild and preventable complications. Despite this, the reported mortality is high, which reflects the severity of the diseases that motivated the indication for TPE.
El documento esta organizado de la siguiente manera. En la sección 2 se presenta la magnitud y evolución del gasto en educación desde 1968. La metodología y los resultados de la descomposición son presentados en la sección 3. Para medir la importancia relativa de los distintos factores considerados en la sección 4 se presentan los resultados de un ejercicio econométrico que permite hacer dicha medición. Una imagen ponderada de la situación del gasto público en educación de Perú puede elaborarse comparando nuestras cifras con la de otros países de la región. Estas comparaciones se hacen en la sección 5 y allí se muestra que desde el punto de vista de estándares internacionales, el Perú está entre los rezagados. Finalmente, en la sección 6 se hace un balance de los hallazgos y se discuten algunas implicaciones de política.
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