During the last year, severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin has presented the maximum peak of appearance in previously healthy children under 16 years of age, exceeding 800 reported cases. The frequent clinical manifestations are of gastrointestinal origin, with jaundice and elevated liver enzymes being the main findings discussed. Routine paraclinical tests show negative results for infection with common hepatotrophic viruses such as hepatitis AE, therefore, currently, the main etiological suspicion is redirected to the presence of human adenovirus serotype 41 or to the activation of immune cells mediated by SARS superantigens -CoV-2.
A febrile seizure is a seizure that occurs in children with a temperature of 38 ºC or more, common in pediatric patients between the ages of 6 to 60 months without intracranial infections, metabolic disorder, or a history of seizures without fever. In 50% of children the first febrile seizure occurs at 2 years and in 90% before 3 years, anemia is also a frequent pathology in pediatric patients, in fact, the figures of the World Health Organization (WHO), point out that iron deficiency anemia attacks children under five years of age, occurring worldwide around 799 million, an average, in the last 10 years, of 42%. And in Latin America, the figure is 23%. Iron deficiency anemia can predispose to the development of febrile seizures because iron plays a crucial role in the transport of oxygen to all tissues, its deficiency also produces a dysfunction of myelination, tyrosine, and tryptophan synthesis hydroxylase, which are necessary for the release of neurotransmitters, therefore, if said neurotransmitters are not released, the brain synapse can be altered and lead to a seizure. Therefore, it is important and relevant to recognize these concepts and the intimate relationship between them, in addition to the risk factors that can trigger them, in order to promote the reduction of the risk of presenting these diseases in vulnerable groups such as pediatric patients.
Child malnutrition is defined as that condition associated with a deficient intake of nutrients, which may be secondary to poor diet or assimilation of these which interfere with the proper functioning of the organism. The globally accepted anthropometric parameters for measuring nutritional status are: weight for height, weight for age, height for age; which must be below 2 standard deviations. Child malnutrition is the consequence of multiple causes, including physical, psychosocial, economic, political, and cultural factors, over which food insecurity, low schooling, and access to basic sanitation prevail. Malnutrition is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality
A lo largo de la historia se han documentado diferentes brotes epidémicos tales como la peste bubónica, la gripe española, la influenza porcina, el ébola, entre otras enfermedades que azotaron a todo el mundo y generaron un alto impacto desde las perspectivas económica, política y de salud. Todo esto ha conllevado a la creación de nuevas políticas públicas que contribuyen al control de la propagación de estas patologías (1), las cuales afectan a las comunidades sin discriminación de edad, sexo o grupo étnico. Por este motivo es importante tener en cuenta el papel que ha tenido el COVID-19 en nuestra sociedad desde el punto de vista pediátrico. Antes de empezar a tocar temas claves en esta población, es importante tener conocimiento acerca de esta patología y el desarrollo que tuvo a nivel mundial y nacional. El COVID-19, se encuentra clasificado en el grupo de virus de la familia Coronaviridae, en la subfamilia Orthocoronavirinae, dentro de los que destacan cuatro géneros identificados como Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus y Deltacoronavirus. Dentro de este grupo se ha demostrado que los Alfacoronavirus y Betacoronavirus son responsables de infección en mamíferos, de los cuales seis subtipos han sido descritos como causantes de la enfermedad en humanos: HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43 y HKU1 (2).
Influenza is a viral infection that mainly affects the respiratory tract from the most proximal to the most distal portion, it is characterized by lasting about 7 days and by having a variable clinical picture. This infectious disease is positioned as one of the most relevant causes of hospitalization in the child population associated with possible complications that can be fatal, generally the treatment is symptomatic but in special cases antivirals are used, in the pediatric population oseltamivir is the indicated drug.
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