Consumo de metal durante la Prehistoria Reciente en el centro de la Península Ibérica. Una aproximación a través del análisis de los contextos funerarios en fosaMetal consumption in the Late Prehistory of the central Iberian Peninsula: an approach through the analysis of pit grave contexts Eduardo Carmona Ballestero (*) Miguel Ángel Arnaiz Alonso (*) Juan Montero Gutiérrez (*)
RESUMENEl presente texto toma como objeto de análisis los productos metálicos del Calcolítico y la Edad del Bronce (3050-900 cal. BC) conocidos dentro de la Submeseta Norte y la Campiña Madrileña, con especial atención a los documentados en los enterramientos en fosa. A partir de esta base documental se ha pretendido evaluar si estos objetos están vinculados con desigualdades sociales permanentes y, por tanto, con formas de organización política jerarquizadas, tal y como se ha planteado tradicionalmente, o si se deben atribuir a comunidades de tipo segmentario. Para tal fin se han utilizado únicamente los datos contextualizados, que han sido sometidos a diversos procedimientos estadísticos. Los resultados muestran la escasez de objetos metálicos y la falta de conexión de éstos con estructuras sociales jerarquizadas. Se propone como alternativa explicativa la permanencia de las formas de organización social de tipo segmentario durante todo el tramo temporal analizado.
ABSTRACT
This article is focused on the metal objects of the
Cavity collapse and settlement due to the presence of shallow solution cavities cause significant geotechnical and other engineering problems in certain areas within the Abu Dhabi City Municipality (ADM). A cavity probability map helps to identify regions that are more susceptible to the formation of cavities by identifying and analyzing influential factors contributing to its formation. Information relating to cavities was cataloged and reviewed based on available data from the Geotechnical Information Management System (GIMS), which is a consolidated geotechnical database developed by the ADM. Geological and geotechnical subsurface conditions are obtained from previous site investigation campaigns performed in the ADM region. All geotechnical, geological, and cavity related datasets are stored in a GIS geodatabase system. Based on detailed literature review, primary factors influencing formations of cavities are identified: presence of soluble bedrock, depth to Gachsaran Formation, cavity density, cavity thickness and distance to nearest neighbor. A decision-tree model based on cavity distribution was developed for cavity hazard assessment. The primary controls on cavity development are lithostratigraphic position or bedrock geology and depth to the soluble Gachsaran Formation. Most cavities tend to form in highly concentrated zones. Implementation of the decision-tree model in ArcGIS resulted in a cavity probability map. This cavity probability map is mainly based on existing borehole data. Areas not fully mapped by boreholes must be re-evaluated for cavity risk when new borehole data is available. Low Probability, Low to Moderate Probability, Moderate to High Probability, High Probability, and Very High Probability areas were delineated in the probability map.
Resumen:Las sacas constituyen el ejemplo más claro de la dimensión mortífera que alcanzaron las prácticas represivas cometidas en la retaguardia franquista a comienzos de la Guerra Civil. Siguiendo el rastro de las mismas dejado en diversas fosas excavadas en la provincia de Burgos, nos planteamos aproximarnos, por un lado, al modus operandi y, por otro, a los paisajes que acogieron estas ejecuciones masivas tan escasamente estudiados desde la perspectiva arqueológica.
Palabras clave:Arqueología del Conflicto; Fosa común; Paisaje de terror; Violencia; Saca.
Abstract:Removal of prisioners (sacas in Spanish) is the clearest example of the repressive acts committed on the Francoist rearguard at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Precisely, the main aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to analyse the modus operandi followed by the rebel forces for removing and killing hundreds of prisoners considered Republican sympathizers, and on the other hand to examine the terror landscapes where this kind of mass executions took place. For this, we will focus on results of different mass graves excavated in the Castilian province of Burgos. Key words: Conflict Archaeology; Mass Grave; Terror Landscape; Violence; Removal.
IntroducciónEn la Guerra Civil española, como en todo conflicto bélico contemporáneo, hubo cruentos episodios, si bien estos tuvieron que ver, más que con los combates entre las facciones enfrentadas en los campos de batalla, con la represión des-1 Arqueólogo. arqueo
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