Ir‐based binary and ternary alloys are effective catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic solutions. Nevertheless, decreasing the Ir content to less than 50 at% while maintaining or even enhancing the overall electrocatalytic activity and durability remains a grand challenge. Herein, by dealloying predesigned Al‐based precursor alloys, it is possible to controllably incorporate Ir with another four metal elements into one single nanostructured phase with merely ≈20 at% Ir. The obtained nanoporous quinary alloys, i.e., nanoporous high‐entropy alloys (np‐HEAs) provide infinite possibilities for tuning alloy's electronic properties and maximizing catalytic activities owing to the endless element combinations. Particularly, a record‐high OER activity is found for a quinary AlNiCoIrMo np‐HEA. Forming HEAs also greatly enhances the structural and catalytic durability regardless of the alloy compositions. With the advantages of low Ir loading and high activity, these np‐HEA catalysts are very promising and suitable for activity tailoring/maximization.

Developing highly efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) is a key step for rechargeable metal− oxygen batteries and water splitting. Usually, binary NiFe or ternary NiCoFe nano-alloys are used as the OER catalysts. Herein, combining the precursor alloy design with chemical etching, a simple dealloying route is developed to controllably incorporate five or more nonprecious metals into one nanostructured alloy with a naturally oxidized surface, that is, nanoporous high entropy alloys (np-HEAs) covered with high-entropy (oxy)hydroxides (HEOs). It is found that the alloy composition plays a dominant role in the OER activity enhancement with the np-AlNiCoFeX (X = Mo, Nb, Cr) combination showing the highest activity. Forming quinary HEAs also greatly enhances the electrochemical cycling stabilities compared with the ternary and quaternary counterparts. The result indicates the significance of synergistically incorporating five or more metal elements in one single-phase nanostructure, which provides more structural and chemical degrees of freedom to boost the catalytic performance, overcoming the restriction of normal binary or ternary alloys. Multinary transition metal-based np-HEA is a new class of promising catalyst for various important reactions.

STP), which modulates the synaptic transmission efficacy dynamically at the conveying transients but leaves the efficacy unchanged during steady-state transmission; and long-term plasticity (LTP), which, in contrast, renders stable changes in the synaptic transmission efficacy. The STP and LTP have different computational uses: STP has profound effects on motor control, speech recognition, and working memory, while LTP is essential to encoding of spatial information. [2] In many if not all cases, a single plasticity is not sufficient to account for the intricate developmental and learning mechanisms, and concomitance of the STP and LTP is considered to support the maximally adaptive behavior and sophisticated cognitive functions. [1,2] Inspired by the neural mechanisms, the semiconductor research community has envisioned new computational capabilities based on neuromorphic computing with the aim of charting a new path beyond the decades-old approach to computing based on the Von Neumann architecture as implemented with transistor-based processors. [3,4] Since the seminal discovery of the memristive behavior, which had been predicted for use in Concomitance of diverse synaptic plasticity across different timescales produces complex cognitive processes. To achieve comparable cognitive complexity in memristive neuromorphic systems, devices that are capable of emulating short-term (STP) and long-term plasticity (LTP) concomitantly are essential. In existing memristors, however, STP and LTP can only be induced selectively because of the inability to be decoupled using different loci and mechanisms. In this work, the first demonstration of truly concomitant STP and LTP is reported in a three-terminal memristor that uses independent physical phenomena to represent each form of plasticity. The emerging layered material Bi 2 O 2 Se is used for memristors for the first time, opening up the prospects for ultrathin, high-speed, and low-power neuromorphic devices. The concerted action of STP and LTP allows full-range modulation of the transient synaptic efficacy, from depression to facilitation, by stimulus frequency or intensity, providing a versatile device platform for neuromorphic function implementation. A heuristic recurrent neural circuitry model is developed to simulate the intricate "sleep-wake cycle autoregulation" process, in which the concomitance of STP and LTP is posited as a key factor in enabling this neural homeostasis. This work sheds new light on the development of generic memristor platforms for highly dynamic neuromorphic computing.

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Purpose We used a mouse model to explore the role of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3 (EMC3) in mammalian retinal development. Methods The transcription pattern of Emc3 in C57BL/6 mice was analyzed by in situ hybridization. To explore the effects of EMC3 absence on retinal development, the Cre-loxP system was used to generate retina-specific Emc3 in knockout mice (Emc3 flox/flox , Six3-cre + ; CKO). Morphological changes in the retina of E13.5, E17.5, P0.5, and P7 mice were observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess protein distribution and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to assess apoptosis changes. Proteins were identified and quantified by Western blotting and proteomic analysis. Electroretinogram (ERG), fundus color photography, and optical coherence tomography were performed on 5-week-old mice to evaluate retinal function and structure. Results The Emc3 mRNA was widely distributed in the whole retina during development. Loss of retinal EMC3 led to retinal rosette degeneration with mislocalization of cell junction molecules (β-catenin, N-cadherin, and zonula occludens-1) and polarity molecules (Par3 and PKCζ). Endoplasmic reticulum stress and TUNEL apoptosis signals were present in retinal rosette-forming cells. Although the absence of EMC3 promoted the production of photoreceptor cells, 5-week-old mice lost all visual function and had severe retinal morphological degeneration. Conclusions EMC3 regulates retinal structure by maintaining the polarity of retinal progenitor cells and regulating retinal cell apoptosis.