Ectomycorrhizal inoculation with edible fungi increases plant growth and nutrient contents of Pinus ayacahuite La inoculación ectomicorrízica con hongos comestibles incrementa el crecimiento vegetal y el contenido nutrimental de Pinus ayacahuite
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a biological alternative for the sustainable management of Capsicum annuum L. This research work evaluated the effects of both PGPR and AMF on bell pepper and jalapeno pepper plants. Five bacterial strains isolated from several locations in Estado de Mexico were used: [P61 (Pseudomonas tolaasii), A46 (P. tolaasii), R44 (Bacillus pumilus), BSP1.1 (Paenibacillus sp.), and OLs-Sf5 (Pseudomonas sp.)], and three treatments with AMF [H1 (consortium isolated from pepper crops in the State of Puebla), H2 (Rhizophagus intraradices), and H3 (consortium isolated from the rhizosphere of lemon trees, State of Tabasco)]. In addition, a fertilized treatment (Steiner nutrient solution at 25%) and an unfertilized control were included. Seedlings of "Caloro" jalapeno pepper and "California Wonder" bell pepper were inoculated with AMF at seed sowing, and PGPR were inoculated after 15 days of seedling emergence; seedlings were grown under plant growth chamber conditions. P61 bacterium and H1 AMF consortia were the most effective microorganisms for jalapeno pepper whereas R44 bacterium and AMF H3 and H1 were the most effective for bell peppers, when compared to the unfertilized control. Furthermore, P61 and R44 bacteria showed beneficial effects on PSII efficiency.
Los hongos comestibles silvestres son un recurso forestal no maderable que ha sido utilizado desde épocas prehispánicas en México por su alto contenido nutrimental y sus propiedades medicinales. México constituye un importante reservorio de dichos hongos a nivel mundial. En el presente trabajo, se identificaron las especies de hongos comestibles silvestres comercializados en dos mercados de Valles Centrales de Oaxaca durante 2009 y 2010. Se realizaron encuestas a las personas recolectoras sobre el conocimiento tradicional de los hongos comercializados. Se identificaron 20 especies de hongos comestibles adscritos a 12 géneros. Se determinó que dichas especiesdehongostienendiferentesusos,talescomo:i)potencial de exportación; ii) nutricional, con alto contenido de proteínas y aminoácidos; iii) propiedades medicinales como antioxidantes, anticancerígenos, antibióticos y antitumorales; y iv) potencial biotecnológico para la producción de bioinoculantes útiles en especies forestales de México. Por esta razón, los hongos comestibles silvestres colectados en mercados de Valles Centrales pueden ser utilizados íntegramente en modelos de desarrollo sustentable en las comunidades rurales de Oaxaca.
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