Background: No clinical study has investigated the use of ceftazidime-avibactam combination schemes with an in vitro non-susceptible antimicrobial that could be superior to ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at two tertiary hospitals in China for patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection treated with ceftazidimeavibactam for at least 72 h. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate covariates that potentially affected 30-day mortality.Results: Sixty-two patients were eligible for our study; 41 (66.1%) received ceftazidime-avibactam combination therapy and 21 (33.9%) received ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy. The overall 30-day mortality was 33.9% (21 patients): 24.4% (10/41) and 47.6% (11/21), P = 0.028, in combination and monotherapy groups, respectively. Combination therapy was Jianxin Zhang and Bei Wang are co-first author.
Introduction: Considering the importance of ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) and polymyxin B (PMB) in treating carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection, it is essential to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these agents and provide appropriate medical advice to clinical specialists. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in two Chinese tertiary hospitals for critically ill patients with CRKP infection who received at least 24-h CAZ/AVI-based or PMBbased treatment. A binary logistic model and a Cox proportional hazards regression model were constructed to analyze variables that could potentially affect 30-day microbiological eradication and all-cause mortality, respectively. Results: From January 2019 to December 2021, 164 eligible patients were divided into CAZ/AVI and PMB cohorts. A notably lower 30-day Guanhao Zheng and Jiaqi Cai contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.
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