The effect of different carbon structures on the properties of low density polyethylene film and linear low density polyethylene blends (LDPE/LLDPE) subjected to artificial weathering, was studied. The carbon structures used were carbon black (CB), multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Graphene nanoparticles (GNP), at various loadings: 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2 wt%. The PE-Carbon structure composite films were characterized by optical microscopy (MOP), Haze, visible light transmission, UV-visible, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), melt flow determinations (MFI) and tensile properties. Weathering measurements were evaluated in a QUV panel chamber with UV fluorescent lamps. The films degradation was analyzed following the change in carbonyl index of FTIR spectra, mechanical properties, and molecular weight. A noticeable better dispersion of CB and CNT particles in polyethylene matrix was observed compared with GNP. MWCNTs and CB produced high Haze and low visible light transmission. Thermal stability measured by TGA increased with the presence of GNP and CB. The crystallinity, melting, and crystallinity temperature (T m and T c ) of the polymers increased with MWCNT and GNP. All the films with carbon structures presented an increase in the modulus of elasticity, with CB giving the highest elastic modulus. Artificial weathering of films with carbon structures showed that CB particles and CNT provided the highest UV protection to polyethylene, with a noticeable increase in low molecular weights and a retention in tensile strength and elongation at break which was reflected in maintaining their flexibility. Films with CNT showed the least significant changes in their properties, being more resistant to photo-degradation.
Después de las primeras décadas de investigación, los avances en el área de la nanotecnología comienzan a reflejarse como productos y dispositivos de uso común en la sociedad. El concepto de nanotecnología y sus principios prometen ser una solución para abordar algunos de los problemas de desarrollo más importantes en el mundo: por ejemplo, el acceso igualitario a fuentes asequibles de energía renovable mediante el aprovechamiento de la energía solar. Sólo en México, 56.4% de las viviendas no tiene acceso a un servicio de agua caliente, el cual trae diversos beneficios que no siempre son valorados por la sociedad en el medio urbano. Actualmente, por medio de la aplicación de la nanotecnología, se han construido calentadores solares de agua de plástico con nanopartículas conductoras, lo que resulta de interés por sus propiedades únicas, como una alta resistencia y tiempo de vida, ligereza, y el ser limpios al contacto con el agua, económicos y con la capacidad de transferir el calor con eficiencia. En este artículo, se aborda el concepto de nanotecnología y su aplicación para fabricar calentadores solares de agua que propician una forma más limpia y asequible de proveer energía, priorizando el desarrollo social y humano de manera igualitaria.
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