The current governments of Ecuador and Bolivia came to power after across-the-board crises of the political system. One of their immediate challenges is to consolidate the hegemony forged in the struggles against the neoliberal state. However, the allegiances created through the conflict are hard to transfer to an institutionalization of the new correlation of forces, and some groups have experienced disenchantment with the progressive governments. A comparative analysis of the hegemonic transition in the two cases suggests that, in contrast to that of Bolivia’s Movimiento al Socialismo, the hegemonic capacity of Ecuador’s electoral alliance, weakly organized and centered around the charismatic leadership of an “outsider,” depends more on its ability to dismantle possible opponents than on the appeal of its official identity, forcing it into constant reaffirmation of political boundaries. Los actuales gobiernos de Ecuador y Bolivia llegaron al poder después de las crisis exhaustivas del sistema político. Uno de sus desafíos inmediatos es consolidar la hegemonía forjada en las luchas contra el Estado neoliberal. Sin embargo, las alianzas creadas por el conflicto son difíciles de transferir a una institucionalización de la nueva correlación de fuerzas, y algunos grupos han experimentado el desencanto con los gobiernos progresistas. Un análisis comparativo de la transición hegemónica en los dos casos sugiere que, en contraste con la capacidad hegemónica del Movimiento al Socialismo de Bolivia, lo de la alianza electoral de Ecuador, débilmente organizada y centrada en el liderazgo carismático de un “desconocido,” depende más de su capacidad para desmantelar posibles adversarios que de la apelación de su identidad oficial, lo que obligó a la reafirmación constante de las fronteras políticas.
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