The adult sphingid communities of three sites in southeastern Peru representative of the moist tropical forest of the lowland Amazon, the pluvial tropical forest of the upper Amazon and Andean foothills, and the montane cloud forest of the eastern slopes of the Andes were sampled during 2004–2006 by using mercury vapor light traps. In total, 119 species of Sphingidae were documented. Species diversity was highest in the upper Amazon and Andean foothills, with 94 species (21 genera), followed by 80 species (21 genera) in the Amazonian lowlands, and 43 species (17 genera) in the montane cloud forest. The greatest number of endemics (22) was registered at the upper AmazonAndean foothills site. The montane cloud forest site was characterized by the highest relative percentage of endemic species. The species assemblages of the lowland Amazon and the Andean foothills were more similar in composition to each other than to the montane assemblage. All three assemblages proved to be more distinctive than expected based on the proximity of the sampled sites and seemingly good flight capabilities of sphingid moths. This was reflected by the endemics accounting for nearly 40% of the total species pool. By contrast, cosmopolitans numbered only 26 species, or 22% of the total assemblage. We hypothesize that the composition and distribution of sphingid species along this elevational gradient may reflect floristic similarities and differences between the study sites and the extent to which different species are adapted to cope with certain environmental conditions, such as temperature and air humidity.

(Cresson, 1874). La composición de la subfamilia Ophioninae varía según la elevación. La mayor riqueza de Ophioninae se encontró a 2150 m (S=11) y la menor a 3116 m (S=3). Enicospilus es más diverso en zonas de baja a mediana altitud, Ophion es más diverso en zonas de mediana a elevada altitud y Alophophion ocurre predominantemente a elevada altitud.Palabras claves: Ophioninae; Neotrópico; especies; diversidad; altitud. AbstractWe describe the species composition of the subfamily Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) along an altitudinal gradient in the cloudy forest Monteseco, Cajamarca, Peru collected in 2009 and 2010. Eighteen species were recorded in three genera of Ophioninae: Alophophion, Enicospilus y Ophion. Five species are recorded for the first time in Peru: Ophion polyhymniae Gauld, 1988; Enicospilus cubensis (Norton, 1863); E. guatemalensis (Cameron, 1886); E. cressoni Hooker, 1912 y E. mexicanus (Cresson, 1874. Subfamily composition varies with the elevation. The highest species richness (S=11) was found at 2150 m and the lowest (S=3) at 3116 m. Enicospilus is more diverse from low to mid elevation, Ophion from mid to high elevation and Alophophion occurs predominantly at high elevation.

During an expedition to Peru in August 2010, a new species of otopheidomenid mite, Prasadiseius incanus Prasad and Guanilo, n. sp. (Acari: Otopheidomenidae), was collected from Xylophanes fusimaculata (Felder, 1874) and Xylophanes undata Rothschild and Jordan, 1903 (Sphinghidae). The female and male of the new species are described using current nomenclature for the idiosomal chaetotaxy and illustrated in a series of photographs. A key for the identification of all species of the genus is provided. KEYWORDS -adults; description; new species; Peru COPYRIGHT Prasad et al.. Acarologia is under free license. This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-BY-NC-ND which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

A new species of the genus Watsonidia Toulgoët, from the Amazon region of Peru, is described, with two morphotypes. Characters of males and female genitalia of both morphotypes and the genetic analyses (COI) that support the polymorphism of the species are provided. The habitus of males and females is also illustrated.

Se presenta una lista preliminar de 80 especies de Arctiidae y 17 de Sphingidae conocidas hasta el momento del Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Perú, proporcionando datos de distribución altitudinal.

ResumenSe ha encontrado órganos androconiales en los terga IV, V, VI y VII en especies del género Theages Walker, 1855. Se estudia la morfología de los órganos androconiales y su variación interespecífica. AbstractAndroconial organs on terga IV, V, VI and VII in species of the genus Theages Walker, 1855 are described, including its morphology and interspecific variation.

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Four new species and one new subspecies of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) are described. Aphyle niedmandi sp. nov., Evius ocassus sp. nov., Paranerita maculata sandeepani ssp. nov., Paranerita kotolnuki sp. nov. and Baritius flexuosus sp. nov. were collected in the Tambopata River region, Madre de Dios (Peru), as part of a Citizen Science Project, in mutual collaboration between the Natural History Museum (Lima–Peru) and Rainforest Expeditions. External morphological descriptions, morphology of male genitalia, and geographic distributions in Peru are given for all taxa as well as their barcoding.