RESUMOAs plantas forrageiras tropicais apresentam alto potencial de produção de massa de forragem, condicionada às condições edafoclimáticas, principalmente à adubação nitrogenada. A magnitude da resposta depende do sincronismo entre a disponibilidade de nutrientes e as necessidades da planta forrageira na rebrotação, e os resultados encontrados na literatura são contrastantes. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar características estruturais e bromatológicas de Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Massai submetido a quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120mg/dm 3 ) e três momentos de aplicação após o corte (um, três e sete dias), divididos em três cortes, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 3 e delineado inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. O incremento na taxa de aparecimento de perfilhos, na densidade populacional de perfilhos, na produção de massa seca de folha total e nos teores de proteína bruta foi de 42%, 65%, 770% e 35%, respectivamente, para a dose de 120mg/dm³ em relação à ausência de adubação nitrogenada. As fibras em detergente neutro e em detergente ácido decresceram cerca de 6% e 9%, respectivamente, com a adição de nitrogênio. Apenas a massa seca de folha total respondeu às épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio após o corte, com valores pouco expressivos. A adubação nitrogenada exerce efeito positivo sobre as variáveis estudadas, porém novos estudos devem ser conduzidos para a definição da época de adubação de nitrogênio após o corte, para a melhor utilização do nutriente pelas plantas. Palavras

This chapter identifies opportunities around bioeconomic concepts for the transformation of food systems. Bioeconomy is a multi-dimensional concept and blends well with the food systems concept. Its goals include the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; the efficient use of energy and material; responsible consumption; and social inclusion through innovation, with a focus on the transformation of the structure of production. Bioeconomy makes important contributions to sustainable economic growth from the environmental and social points of view, offering direct jobs and employment and higher value addition. Bioeconomy offers support for the transformation of food systems by increasing crop and livestock yields through sustainable intensification activities. It can strengthen local value chains, promoting the reuse and recycling of food resources. These strategies at the local level contribute to poverty reduction through the creation of new rural jobs. Food system resilience can be strengthened based on the diversification of agricultural commodity production, the increased use of bio-based inputs in agriculture and the diversification of rural incomes through the rural production of bioenergy, bio-based industry and environmental services. Bioeconomy can be effectively used for the upscaling of biotechnology innovations, improved environmental sustainability and climate resilience, and improved nutrition and health. Links between the bioeconomy and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are demonstrated by using the indicators of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for monitoring and evaluating the bioeconomy.

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While the global number of people experiencing food insecurity remains stubbornly high, innovations have been increasingly adopted that are contributing to ensure that food systems are as resilient and flexible as they can possibly be. Bioeconomy and biotechnology innovations have contributed to improving rural development and food production. Genomic knowledge is an important part of innovative bioeconomy and biotechnology research as it is applied to increase the efficiency of crops, animals, biofuel, bioplastics and bioenergy production. This allows food systems to transform to be more sustainable and equitable, providing healthy, nutritious food, while creating livelihood opportunities and reducing negative impacts. This article highlights the beneficial impacts of innovative bioeconomy and biotechnology products in technologies, particularly as they relate to the Americas.

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