Coworking spaces have been proliferating world-wide in urban and rural areas while facilitating entrepreneurship and new, especially digital business models. Our research analyzes the worldwide expansion by drawing upon mechanisms from institutional theory. We argue that the sense of community, emotional activation, the local communities together with the digital linkages and the open office allowed coworking spaces to evolve as a real space for entrepreneurship. The common lifestyle and the high digital identity of the users further explain the emergence of this entrepreneurship field that shows high convergent forms of coworking spaces. The key divergence comes with different ownership models.

In an environment where favoring organizational learning is imperative, the option of business cooperation is considered an optimal means to transmit knowledge between companies and to encourage the generation of new ones. But differences in organizational cultures of the cooperation partners can make this process difficult. Through an empirical study of small and medium‐sized companies that had established international cooperation agreements during 1997 and 1998 in the Valencian community (Spain), the influence of the differences in size and in national culture of the partners in organizational learning is observed.

Purpose: To carry out a systematic literature review on strategic orientation to educational innovation (SOEI), considering methodological and conceptual aspects.Design/methodology: Four macro-processes were implemented: identification (study location), description (information extraction), in-depth analysis (grouping and characterization patterns) and dissemination. The studies were identified through Scopus and Web of Science. The search expressions yielded 63 documents; afterwards, quality control was carried out using seven inclusion/exclusion criteria; the final sample consisted of 19 documents subject to review. Findings:With regard to methodological aspects, qualitative studies stand out, with the educational institution as the unit of analysis, and pedagogical documents as the most frequent source of information. Likewise, the description form proves to be the most commonly used data collection instrument. In terms of the conceptual aspects of the SOEI, findings include strategic purposes, mediating mechanisms and the results of said construct.Originality/value: This article portrays the state of the art of the SOEI, proposes a comprehensive definition of said construct and proposes a new conceptual model of the SOI that takes into account its main strategic purposes, mediating mechanisms and results. Therefore, it is a reference for future empirical works that seek to study innovation in educational institutions and explain their results.