To date, phytoplasmas belonging to six ribosomal subgroups have been detected to infect grapevines in Chile in 36 percent of the sampled plants. A new survey on the presence of grapevine yellows was carried out from 2016 to 2020, and 330 grapevine plants from the most important wine regions of the country were sampled and analyzed by nested PCR/RFLP analyses. Phytoplasmas enclosed in subgroups 16SrIII-J and 16SrVII-A were identified with infection rates of 17% and 2%, respectively. The vineyards in which the phytoplasma-infected plants were detected were further inspected to identify alternative host plants and insects of potential epidemiological relevance. Five previously unreported plant species resulted positive for 16SrIII-J phytoplasma (Rosa spp., Brassica rapa, Erodium spp., Malva spp. and Rubus ulmifolius) and five insect species were fully or partially identified (Amplicephalus ornatus, A. pallidus, A. curtulus, Bergallia sp., Exitianus obscurinervis) as potential vectors of 16SrIII-J phytoplasmas. The 16SrVII-A phytoplasmas were not detected in non-grape plant species nor in insects. This work establishes updated guidelines for the study, management, and prevention of grapevine yellows in Chile, and in other grapevine growing regions of South America.

Pentagramma lueri sp. nov. is described from central Chile, being the first record of the genus in the country. The host relation of tribe Idiosystatini Emeljanov is discussed; indirect evidence suggests that all genera of the tribe feed on Cyperaceae.

Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons License (CC BY NC 4.0)

Abstract Astatometopon gen. nov. is described to accommodate A. sakakibarai sp. nov., a delphacid planthopper distributed in the Nahuelbuta and Andes mountain ranges in the central and south central zones of Chile. The new taxon is placed into Delphacini but it presents some unusual features for the tribe, such as a strongly asymmetrical phallus with a porrect process arising from base, the absence of teeth on the hind margin of calcar, and an exceptional variation in carination of the eumetope.

Abstract. The range of Arelate limbellata (Stål, 1854) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae), the only species of the genus Arelate Stål, 1862, is addressed. This Chilean endemic is distributed from Fundo Talanquén in Valparaíso Region (latitude 32°27ʹ S) to Panguipulli, Puyumen in Los Ríos Region (latitude 39°40ʹ S). New data are presented on A. limbellata, the first contribution on this species' geographical distribution since the original description, which only records the country of origin.