To better prepare students for an increasingly diverse society, campuses across the country remain engaged in efforts to diversify the racial and ethnic makeup of their faculties. However, faculty of color remain seriously underrepresented, making up 17% of total full-time faculty. In the past 20 years, more than 300 authors have addressed the status and experience of faculty of color in academe. From 1988 to 2007, there was a continued rise in publications addressing the issue of the low representation of faculty of color. This article presents a literature review and synthesis of 252 publications, with the goal of informing scholars and practitioners of the current state of the field. Themes emerging from these publications and an interpretive model through which findings can be viewed are presented. The analysis, with a focus on the departmental, institutional, and national contexts, documents supports, challenges, and recommendations to address barriers and build on successes within these 3 contexts. The authors hope that this article informs researchers and practitioners as they continue their work to understand and promote the increased representation of faculty of color.

This article examines the experiences of faculty women of color at predominately White public research extensive universities. In the wake of legal challenges to affirmative action, such as Gratz and Grutter, and the proliferation of antiaffirmative action state “Civil Rights Initiatives,” these issues become critically important. This study's central questions were, “What are the lived experiences of faculty women of color in predominately White institutions? ” and “What are the implications of legal challenges to affirmative action, such as Gratz and Grutter, for faculty women of color and their institutions? ” Twelve 90-min focus groups were conducted with 51 faculty women of color from a wide range of academic fields and disciplines, from all regions of the United States, and occupying tenured/tenure track ranks (assistant, associate, and full professors) to further understand their experiences, feelings, and reactions in light of the affirmative action Supreme Court cases. Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Critical Race Feminism (CRF) serve as frameworks to guide our analysis. One main finding is that faculty women of color across three disciplinary areas (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics [STEM], Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences [SBE], and Humanities/Arts) experience a knowledge gap on the impact of public policies on their everyday lives. Faculty women of color, along with experiencing the typically documented conditions of tokenism, also report that communication about diversity initiatives and resources on their own campuses was extremely uneven and idiosyncratic.

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RESUMENObjetivo Estimar la relación entre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (comportamientos) de riesgo en la sexualidad juvenil y la estructura y percepción de funcionalidad familiar. Metodología Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte trasversal entre 13 699 adolescentes (10 a 19 años de edad) de 12 colegios públicos de la localidad de Suba. Se aplicó una encuesta autodiligenciada donde se interrogó por conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos sexuales y la estructura y percepción del funcionamiento familiar. Resultados Edad media de los adolescentes 13,5 años. Prevalencia de relaciones sexuales de 17 %. El 8 % de los hogares presentan disfunción severa y 39 % son nucleares incompletos. Las mujeres tienen menos relaciones sexuales que los hombres (OR 0.53; IC 95 %; 0.47-0.59). Se presenta más relaciones sexuales cuando los adolescentes perciben de manera disfuncional a su familia (OR 2.06; IC 95 %; 1.72-2.48). Conclusiones Es más importante la percepción de función familiar que la estructura como factor de riesgo en la sexualidad de los jóvenes.Palabras Clave: Adolescentes, sexualidad, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas, relaciones familiares, colegios (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACT ObjectiveAssessing the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding high-risk sexual behaviour in adolescent sexuality as well as the structure and perception of family functionality. Methods Cross-sectional research was carried out on a population of 13,699 adolescents (ages ranging from 10 to 19) attending 12 public schools from the conurbation of Suba. A self-questionnaire was administered, focusing on sexual behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and the structure and perception of family dynamics. Results Average age was 13.5. Sexual activity prevalence was 17%. 8% of households suffered from severe dysfunction. 39% of households were incomplete nuclear ones. Females reported less sexual activity than males (0.53 OR; 0.47-0.59 95%CI). Sexual

Oncodriver genes are usually identified when mutations recur in multiple tumours. Different drivers often converge in the activation or repression of key cancer-relevant pathways. However, as many pathways contain multiple members of the same gene family, individual mutations might be overlooked, as each family member would necessarily have a lower mutation frequency and thus not identified as significant in any one-gene-at-a-time analysis. Here, we looked for mutated, functional sequence positions in gene families that were mutually exclusive (in patients) with another gene in the same pathway, which identified both known and new candidate oncodrivers. For instance, many inactivating mutations in multiple G-protein (particularly Gi/o) coupled receptors, are mutually exclusive with Gαs oncogenic activating mutations, both of which ultimately enhance cAMP signalling. By integrating transcriptomics and interaction data, we show that the Gs pathway is upregulated in multiple cancer types, even those lacking known GNAS activating mutations. This suggests that cancer cells may develop alternative strategies to activate adenylate cyclase signalling in multiple cancer types. Our study provides a mechanistic interpretation for several rare somatic mutations in multi-gene oncodrivers, and offers possible explanations for known and potential off-label cancer treatments, suggesting new therapeutic opportunities.

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