This article presents a mathematical model for drying thin layer carrot slices (Daucus carota) using a heat pump dryer (HPD). To select the equation that best describes the drying curve, 10 semi-theoretical and/or empirical models were evaluated. The parameters were determined using the Sigma-Plot® program, and their goodness of fit was compared using the correlation coefficient, R<sup>2</sup>; Chi-squared, <span style="font-family: symbol;">C</span><sup>2</sup>; standard error of the estimate (SEE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Additionally, the effect of the relative moisture, sample thickness and air velocity on the effective diffusivity of the process was evaluated using a response surface tool. Although all the models correctly fit the experimental data, based on the statistical tests, the Wang-Singh model was selected as the best.
The drying industry has grown considerably due to the tremendous demand for non-perishable food. Convective drying is one of the most popular equipment in the drying industry (food, chemical, pharmaceutical, etc.). One of the drawbacks of this equipment, when used for convective drying, is the non-uniformity in the final product quality. This study presents the development of a numerical model through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The drying chamber of a heat pump dryer is assessed from the perspective of drying air velocity and temperature profiles. The model was developed by solving different transport phenomena-related equations. The established methodology was set up to evaluate how the drying air velocity and temperature distribution affect the drying chamber. These results will define if there is a need to redesign it. The air velocity and temperature profile results show a need to redesign the chamber. Only trays 2, 3, and 4 are the ones that would achieve the drying of the products. The proposed solution is to implement air distributors or modify the tray positioning to make the drying air and temperature distribution homogeneous.
<p>La termodinámica es una ciencia básica que formula las reglas para la conversión de la materia y la energía de una forma a otra. Ella impone los límites físicos para el desarrollo y la evolución en el mundo. Los parámetros termodinámicos son importantes en el procesamiento y estabilidad del alimento. La similaridad termodinámica de los alimentos se fundamenta en diversos factores. El primero, es la función de almacenamiento fisiológico común de los más importantes componentes de las materias primas alimentarias. Segundo, es el carácter general de las interacciones intermoleculares no-específicas de las macromoléculas alimentarias. Tercero, es el mimetismo de los biopolímeros que se fundamenta en las propiedades físico-químicas muy similares de las especies de biopolímeros. La incompatibilidad termodinámica es típica en macromoléculas alimentarias. Luego, el enfoque termodinámico es altamente promisorio para el modelamiento y análisis de alimentos. Además, el equilibrio de fases juega un papel muy importante en la tecnología de alimentos. En la presente contribución, se analiza el punto de vista termodinámico en la química de alimentos. Así, el enfoque termodinámico, es central en este análisis. Se encontró que los carbohidratos y las proteínas son las moléculas más estudiadas, seguidas por el agua. En Europa, en particular Suiza, es donde más se realiza investigación en el área y donde hay contribuciones individuales destacadas. El interés por investigar en termodinámica aplicada a los alimentos, es creciente.</p><p> </p>
The drying industry has been growing considerably due to the great demand to have non-perishable food. Convective drying is one of the most popular equipment on drying industry (food, chemical, pharmaceutical, etc.). One of the drawbacks of this equipment when it is used for convective drying, is the non-uniformity in the final product quality. This study presents the development of a mathematical model trough Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD). The drying chamber of a heat pump dryer is assessed from a drying air velocity and temperature profiles perspective. The model was developed solving different transport phenomena related equations. The established procedure was set up with the aim of evaluating the distribution of drying air velocity and temperature on the drying chamber to define the need of redesigning it. The profile results of the air velocity and the temperature show that, in fact there is a need to redesign the chamber. Only trays 2, 3, and 4 are the ones that could achieve the drying of the products. The proposed solution is to implement air distributors or to modify the tray positioning to make the distribution of the drying air and temperature homegeneous.
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