Managed care plan members provide a population for analysis that minimizes the financial barriers to routine medical care that have been linked to high rates of asthma-related hospitalization, emergency care, and mortality among urban African Americans. We examined patterns of asthma care among 464 African American (AA) and 1,609 Caucasian (C) asthma patients, age 15 to 45 yr, in a southeast Michigan managed care system during 1993. Compared with C, AA had fewer visits to asthma specialists (0.32 versus 0.50 visits/yr, p = 0.002), and filled fewer prescriptions for inhaled steroids (1.44 versus 1.74 Rx/yr, p = 0.038), while being more likely to visit the emergency department with asthma (0.71 versus 0.28 visits/yr, p < 0. 001), to be hospitalized with asthma (0.08 versus 0.03 admissions/yr, p = 0.002), or to have filled prescriptions for oral steroids (0.91 versus 0.59 Rx/yr, p < 0.001). AA were equally likely to have visited a primary care physician for asthma (0.95 versus 0.93 visits/yr, p = 0.81). Similar physician visit profiles and discrepancies in the use of oral steroids persisted when analyzing exclusively low socioeconomic status subgroups. These results suggest that ethnic differences in patterns of asthma-related health care persist within managed care settings and are only partially due to financial barriers.
46-Abstract -eLearning kind of education is stirring up all the disciplines in the academic circles, especially since it provides an access to educational areas that are uneasy and traditionally inperson, such as Engineering. Even though it had an outbreak in some of the most prestigious American universities, eLearning has being a reality in Spain for some years now, changing educational and teaching habits. To ensure a proper education is not an easy task with it comes to engineering fields, therefore this article shows an update on the works developed on this issue and the technologies they used. In this report it is given a perspective of the intimate relationship between the eLearning method of learning and the studies of Engineering in Spain, through the TIC development and the current educational legislation. In this regard, teaching examples are given on several subjects of different engineering studies, emphasizing the good results obtained in the abovementioned experiences. Below here is a evaluation on the results obtained in the analyzed studies.
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una exposición sobre la aplicación de la metodología Lean startup y revisar los distintos puntos y acciones que comprende. Lean startup es una metodología con gran auge en el medio emprendedor y que posibilita implementar negocios evitando desperdiciar tiempo, recursos y esfuerzos inútiles. Propone como paso previo a la creación de una empresa, lanzar una startup, un experimento, que permita al emprendedor buscar un modelo de negocio rentable antes de crear una empresa. En la contabilidad de la metodología Lean startup el principal beneficio a conseguir es el aprendizaje validado. Un aprendizaje empírico que parte de unas hipótesis que se validan a través de un producto con las características mínimas para facilitar al emprendedor los datos necesarios que permitan descubrir el modelo de negocio viable y dar el salto a la empresa, minimizando el miedo al fracaso que impide a muchos emprendedores convertir sus ideas en negocios.
En el presente artículo se estudian las características más importantes de los conceptos que hoy conocemos como ciberdelincuencia, ciberterrorismo y ciberguerra. En relación con la ciberdelincuencia y el ciberterrorismo, se proporcionan datos sobre los posibles perfiles existentes y sobre distintos arquetipos de personas que tienen estas conductas delictivas. En lo concerniente a la ciberguerra, y debido al reducido número de estudios planteados sobre este fenómeno, se exponen los datos más relevantes sobre este hecho y se resalta la falta de estudios para describir a sus actores desde un prisma de carácter psicosociológico.
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