The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of secondary metabolites in culms of Guadua angustifolia Kunth (guadua), so as to determine the antioxidant activity. Phytochemically were characterized by thin layer chromatography extracts whit polarities differents. Guadua culms were collected in natural stands located in four different sites of Risaralda state, (Colombia). Phytochemical compounds corresponding to alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, triterpene saponins and steroidal were detected. Besides, the methods of DPPH and ABTS were applied and lignin content and as well as the antioxidant capacity were also determined. Furthermore, the total content of phenols and flavonoids was assessed. An antioxidant activity and a high phenolic content within ethanol extracts were found as well. Additionally, the presence of phenolic compounds in acetone and ethanol extracts was confirmed by means of the chromatographic profile of the different extracts determined by HPLC-DAD.
Los bosques de guadua en la región cafetera de Colombia han sido durante décadas una fuente de beneficios para los productores rurales, debido a las posibilidades de obtención de materia prima para diferentes usos. Estos bosques han sido sometidos a una fuerte fragmentación y los remanentes existentes representan la decisión de los productores de mantenerlos como ecosistemas que proveen beneficios. Con el propósito de realizar una aproximación a la valoración de estos servicios, desde la dimensión sociocultural se utilizó la herramienta de análisis multicriterio conocida como “Jerarquización y Calificación” para determinar la percepción de productores, técnicos, científicos y funcionarios de instituciones de carácter ambiental sobre los beneficios de estos ecosistemas. De esta manera, los aspectos mejor valorados fueron la biodiversidad, la protección del agua y del suelo, la captura de CO2 y la regulación de la temperatura mediante sombra. Asimismo, los beneficios fueron categorizados dentro de los valores de uso directo como los asociados a la producción de agua, productos forestales maderables, recursos ornamentales y belleza escénica. Los beneficios categorizados dentro de los valores de uso indirecto estuvieron relacionados con los procesos de regulación de disturbios ambientales y seguridad frente a desastres, regulación del ciclo hidrológico y polinización.
Agriculture and urban expansion have caused fragmentation of the remaining forests located along the Otún and Consotá river watershed in the municipality of Pereira, Department of Risaralda, Colombia. These forests are dominated by the guadua bamboo species Guadua angustifolia Kunth, which provided raw material for different purposes and additionally fulfills important ecological functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate ecosystems services associated with these forests such as carbon storage, soil water storing capacity, and the financial feasibility related to guadua culms commercialization. The carbon storage was estimated from the aboveground biomass and soil organic matter; soil water storing capacity was associated with physical soil properties. Whereas the provisioning ecosystem service was assessed through a cost-benefit analysis performed with different production scenarios. The carbon stock was found to be 672.3 t C / ha (22 % in biomass and 78 % in the soil at a depth of 45 cm). The average soil water storing capacity was 292.4 m3 / ha. The cost-benefit analysis evidenced the financial feasibility for the scenarios when projected sales are more than 3 % than current. Bamboo forests provide ecosystem services that are yet another justification for better economic compensation and a medium to promote balance between ecosystem services and the financial situation of producers, who derive their incomes from its production.
In this article the authors analyze the history of engineering education in Colombia from 1887 to 1972. The main theme of the analysis is how engineering educators actively contribute to the shaping of the identity of their profession in response to different societal influences in the forms of codes of meaning. The authors pay especial attention to the role of foreign models of educating engineers and the regional tensions that emerge between competing schools in the country. These two tensions are related to the different ideals or metrics of progress advocated by government officials, politicians, industrialists, and engineering educators themselves in various cities of the country. As the twentieth century passes its midpoint the code of meaning of the discourse on development becomes the main influence shaping the identities of engineers in Colombia.
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