Bird diversity in tropical dry forest fragments in cattle landscapes of the Department of Córdoba, Colombia. In Colombia the tropical dry forest is one of the most threatened and least known ecosystems; these have been impacted by different transformation processes and habitat fragmentation, which have affected bird conditions and survival. This research evaluated the influence of landscape elements (forest and pastures with different tree covers) on bird diversity in the tropical dry forest of Córdoba, Colombia. The study was developed within an extensive livestock landscape to characterize the avifauna in four habitat types formed by fragments of secondary forests with different tree cover: secondary forest, pastures with high tree cover, pastures with low tree cover and only pastures. The influence of tree cover on bird diversity was evaluated with monthly samplings in 200 m long transects (per habitat), with two observation intervals (6:00 -9:00 and 15:00-18:00), from September 2011 to May 2012. A total of 6 667 individuals belonging to 180 species and 48 families of birds were registered. The most abundant species were Columbina talpacoti (5.37 %), Brotogeris jugularis (5.14 %), Tyrannus melancholicus (4.81 %) and Bubulcus ibis (4.80 %). The most abundant family was Tyrannidae (16.4 %), followed by Psitacidae (9.0 %) and Columbidae (8.2 %). The family with the highest number of species was Tyrannidae with 28 species, followed by Accipitridae and Icteridae with 10 species each. The greatest species richness was present in the secondary forest habitat, followed by the pastures with high tree cover, and pastures with low cover. The lowest abundance and species richness was found in pastures without tree cover with significant differences between the habitats (Fisher, p <0.05). According to the Shannon index, the diversity of birds was higher in the secondary forests. In contrast, the lowest diversity was found in pastures without tree cover. The greatest species richness occurred in the months of October and November. In the rest of the sampling period, the number of recorded species and individuals showed some stability. The importance of trees presence in extensive livestock areas was evidenced because they help to contain an important diversity of bird species, and they also generate connectivity among fragments of secondary forests in the cattle landscape. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (4): 1625-1634. Epub 2017 December 01.
La intubación submentoniana (ISM) es útil en procedimientos quirúrgicos en donde la intubación nasotraqueal está contraindicada y la intubación orotraqueal no es ideal, debido a la fijación intermaxilar. El cirujano maxilofacial Hernández Altemir (España) propuso una técnica de ISM que implicaba pasar el tubo endotraqueal a través de una incisión extraoral en la región submentoniana del suelo de la boca, para realizar reducción abierta de fracturas faciales. Este informe describe dos pacientes masculinos que se presentaron al Hospital Nacional Rosales, en el servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial de El Salvador con historia sufrir accidente de tránsito. El primer caso, el examen radiológico evidenció fractura de sínfisis mandibular, fractura simple huesos propios nasales, y desviación del tabique nasal. El segundo caso es un paciente con fractura sínfisis y doble cóndilo mandibular. La ISM resulta una alternativa a la traqueostomía, ya que se realiza en menor tiempo, menor morbimortalidad, mínimos cuidados posoperatorios, y con una cicatriz estética.
The occurrence of the palm Geonoma undata Klotzsch is registered for the first time for the state of Zulia, Venezuela, as result of a floristic survey made at Cerro Las Antenas, in the Serranía de Perijá. This species is catalogued as “vulnerable” according to the Red Book of Venezuelan Flora.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.