1. Full-thickness rectal advancement flaps offer better results regarding the recurrence than mucosal or partial flaps. 2. All flaps cause some incontinence, which increases with the thickness of the flap. 3. The results did not suggest differences in recurrence and incontinence between core-out and curettage.
Background: Normal reference values in healthy subjects for T-lymphocytes for both types of receptors, ab and cd, and their subsets are yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to measure peripheral blood ab and cd total T-lymphocytes and their subsets in a population of healthy subjects, in order to obtain valid reference values for studies in human pathology.Methods: We studied a total of 157 healthy subjects, 78 men and 79 women, establishing their levels of CD31, CD41, CD81, CD561, abCD31, abCD31CD41, abCD31CD81, abCD31CD561, cdCD31, cdCD31CD42CD82, cdCD31CD81, and cdCD31CD561 T-cells by flow cytometry. The T-cell subsets were compared for different age and gender groups.Results: A significant decrease in CD31, CD31CD41, CD31CD41 ab, and CD31 cd T-cells was observed in elderly subjects. CD31, CD31 ab, and CD31CD41 ab T-cells increased in women, while CD31CD561 ab T-cells increased in men.Conclusions. These reference values could be useful in further research studies for assessing changes that occur in the different ab and cd T subsets in human pathology. V C 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
i Gamma-delta T cells are the most abundant of all epithelial-resident lymphocytes and are considered a first line of defense against pathogens in the mucosa. Our objective was to confirm the reduction in ␥␦ T cell subsets and its relationship with mortality in patients with sepsis. We studied 135 patients with sepsis attended in the emergency department and intensive care unit of two hospitals and compared them with a similar control group of healthy subjects. The ␣ and ␥␦ T cell subsets were determined via flow cytometry according to the stage of the sepsis and its relationship with mortality. All the lymphocyte subsets were reduced with respect to the corresponding subsets in the control group. All the ␥␦ T cell populations decreased significantly as the septic picture worsened. Furthermore, ␥␦ T cells showed decreases at days 2, 3, and 4 from the start of sepsis. Twenty-six patients with sepsis died (19.3%). The ␥␦ T cells, specifically, the CD3 ؉ CD56 ؉ ␥␦ T cells, were significantly reduced in those septic patients who died. Our results indicate that, during sepsis, ␥␦ T cells show the largest decrease and this reduction becomes more intense when the septic process becomes more severe. Mortality was associated with a significant decrease in ␥␦ T cells.
Crohn's disease [CD] is a chronic relapsing systemic disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract. An altered immune response to commensal intestinal bacteria takes place in genetically predisposed individuals, resulting in chronic inflammation in the gut. Several alterations in the innate immunity mechanisms have been described in recent years. Thus, the study of the immunological aspects of CD, specifically the role of lymphocytes, is a key element for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease.Gammadelta T cells [γδ T cells] constitute only a small proportion of the lymphocytes that circulate in the blood and peripheral organs and they are present mainly in the epithelia, where they can constitute up to 40% of intraepithelial lymphocytes [IEL] in the intestinal mucosa. Due to their lack of major histocompatibility complex [MHC] restriction and their unique plasticity and immune-regulating properties, they are considered key cells in the first line of defence against infections and in wound healing in the gut. Although there is growing experimental and clinical evidence of their implication in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], including CD, their clinical relevance is still unclear.In this review, we address the possible involvement of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of CD, reviewing their role against infections and in inflammation and the current evidence suggesting their implication in CD, offering a novel potential target for immunotherapy in IBD.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.