The principle of duality is applied for electromagnetic transient (EMT) modeling of industry scale (i.e. 50, 390 MVA) multilimb transformers. While saturation, hysteresis, deep-saturation, and remanent flux are accounted for, the need for transformer internal design information such as core dimension or material is eliminated. This is achieved by formulating the equivalent circuits with an alternative set of parameters that are either provided by the manufacturer or can be determined using conventional techniques. Open-circuit tests confirm that the models produce accurate excitation currents at different saturation levels when compared with measurement results. Furthermore, the models facilitate correct short-circuit condition with support for arbitrary number of windings. Upon validating the models, inrush current is simulated and the worst-case scenario is determined due to potential remanent flux values. The findings agree with an established EMT simulation model as well as manufacturer analytical approximations. Simulated hysteresis loops are also investigated.INDEX TERMS Principle of duality, 3-limb and 5-limb transformer models, miltilimb multiwinding transformers, inrush current, remanent flux, hysteresis loop, electromagnetic transient.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.