Introducción: se describen los casos de dos pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ) con alcalosis metabólica hipoclorémica: uno con diagnóstico de novo y otro con una recaída. Casos clínicos: pacientes de 6 y 9 meses que consultan por tos, fiebre y disnea. El primero con síndrome bronco-obstructivo recurrente (SBOR), el segundo con FQ conocida. Examen físico: dificultad respiratoria, deshidratación y desnutrición. Gasometría: alcalosis metabólica, hipokalemia e hipocloremia graves. Se tratan con cloruro de sodio y potasio. Hay mejoría del desequilibrio electrolítico y del estado ácido-base. No se documentan pérdidas renales o gastrointestinales de cloro y se diagnostica síndrome pseudo-Bartter. Los electrólitos en sudor de ambos pacientes son elevados. Se diagnostica alcalosis metabólica por FQ. Conclusión: la alcalosis metabólica puede ser la manifestación inicial en niños con SBOR y talla baja con sospecha de FQ; igualmente puede hacer parte de una exacerbación aguda en pacientes conocidos con FQ. Con su reconocimiento y tratamiento oportunos disminuye la morbilidad.
Background: Acute leukemias are the most frequent malignancies in children. Advances in treatment have improved the overall survival to 80%. Almost 10% of children with cancer develop clinical cardiac toxicity. Total anthracycline cumulative dose is a risk factor for early-onset cardiotoxicity. Objective: To describe the incidence of early-onset cardiotoxicity in children with acute leukemia treated with chemotherapy. Methods: A prospective descriptive study of patients >1 y and <18 years diagnosed with acute leukemia. Assessed with electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and blood biomarkers at diagnosis and during the follow-up. Results: 94 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 18 with acute myeloid leukemia were included. 20 patients (17.9%) developed early-onset cardiotoxicity. Statistically significant data was seen after anthracycline dose >150 mg/m2, between the first echocardiographic evaluation and posterior analyses in the left ventricular fraction ejection with Teicholz p 0.05, Simpson p 0.018 and GLS p 0.004. In this study, there was no relation between blood biomarkers and cardiotoxicity. Conclusions: Cancer therapeutic-related cardiac dysfunction is related to anthracycline cumulative dose. In this study, echocardiographic follow-up was useful to predict risk factors for early cardiac dysfunction.
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