A new species of Cyrtochilum from the Cordillera Oriental range in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, is described, illustrated, and compared with C. suarezii and C. parviflorum. The new species is easily distinguished by its broadly elliptic to sub–rhomboid lip with two short rounded simple calli on the lip, ornamented with short papillae at the base.
aBstraCt. The objective of this research was to characterize, during an annual cycle, the relationship between weather and the phenology of four common orchid species in a high-Andean forest of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Flowering and fruiting of 30 adult individuals of Cyrtochilum revolutum, Malaxis excavata, Ponthieva diptera and Stelis pulchella were monitored on a monthly basis. The number of flowering buds, open flowers, unripe and ripe fruits (closed and open capsule, respectively) were correlated to climatic variables (i.e. mean monthly precipitation, mean, minimum and maximum monthly temperature and, relative humidity) obtained during the same time period. The results showed that all orchid species exhibited reproductive activity during the studied year. C. revolutum only flowered, and was positively correlated with rainfall. The flowering peak of S. pulchella, occurred during the coldest months when relative humidity was also low. In contrast, the peak of unripe fruits was recorded when both the relative humidity and mean temperature were the highest, while capsules opened during the driest months. Flowering and fruiting of M. excavata were extended, lasting more than four months. The greatest number of open flowers was positively correlated to precipitation, while the number of unripe fruits was correlated with relative humidity and rainfall of twomonths prior. Few individuals of P. diptera flowered and fruited during the studied year, while reproductive activity was correlated to rainfall and temperature. Although the relationship between climatic variables and phenology is differential between species, our findings consistently showed that three out of four of the studied species (C. revolutum, M. excavata y P. diptera) flowered during the rainy season with significant positive correlations, which is discussed in light of literature findings.resumen. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar, durante un ciclo anual, la relación fenología-clima de cuatro especies comunes de orquídeas en un bosque altoandino de la Cordillera Oriental colombiana. Se monitoreó mensualmente la floración y la fructificación de 30 individuos adultos de Cyrtochilum revolutum, Malaxis excavata, Ponthieva diptera y Stelis pulchella. El número de flores en botón, flores abiertas, frutos inmaduros (cápsula cerrada) y el número de frutos maduros (cápsula abierta) se correlacionaron con las variables climáticas precipitación media mensual, temperatura media, mínima y máxima mensuales y humedad relativa mensual del mismo período de estudio. Los resultados mostraron que las cuatro especies de orquídeas presentaron actividad reproductiva durante el año de seguimiento. C. revolutum sólo floreció y se correlacionó de forma positiva con la precipitación. El pico de floración de S. pulchella, ocurrió en los meses más fríos y con menor humedad relativa. En contraste, la producción de frutos verdes se presentó en los momentos de mayor humedad y mayor temperatura, mientras que la apertura de las cápsulas ocurrió en los mes...
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