The present study aimed to verify whether a program of initiation to the aquatic environment composed of motor games (motor stories, learning environments and motor circuits) is more effective in the acquisition of aquatic skills in early childhood education than a traditional program. For this purpose, the Escala de Competencia Motriz Acuática for 4–5 year-old children was used before and after both programs. This scale has two factors, one named Familiarization, linked to more elementary aquatic abilities, and the Immersion factor, which integrates more advanced aquatic abilities. The two programs were used as independent variables, and there was a sample of 17 children over six weeks. The results show that both programs improved the acquisition of aquatic skills. The program that integrated motor games impacted the improvement of skills related to the Immersion factor significantly more.
El presente trabajo pretendió comprobar qué material didáctico resultaba más eficaz para el desarrollo de la competencia percibida en el medio acuático en niños de 4 años. A tal fin, se aplicó la Escala Pictórica de Competencia Acuática Percibida (Moreno & Ruiz, 2008), antes y después de un programa de iniciación al medio acuático. En él, se utilizaron como variables independientes tres materiales didácticos de distintas características (Manguitos, Cinturón de flotación y Kiflot),y se contó con una muestra de 18 niños durante siete sesiones. Los resultados mostraron que el material que permite mayor libertad de movimientos y provoca una flotación más homogénea (Kiflot) obtiene mejores resultados en competencia percibida. Por consiguiente, se concluye la necesidad de utilizar este tipo de materiales.
This document presents a way of knowing the influence between the aquatic environment and the stage of early childhood education. In it, an “IMA” program has been implemented for children between 5 and 6 years old, based on motor stories with themes close to them, to promote self-esteem. This program has been carried out with two groups, an experimental group where stories have been developed in the water and a control group developing traditional classes and where only the students were observed. In these groups, the authors wanted to value body and socio-affective self-esteem through Edina self-esteem booklets individually and anonymously. With the data obtained through the questions raised, results have been achieved with which to assess the self-esteem of children of these ages, highlighting benefits through the implementation of motor stories unlike traditional classes in which the results worsened, so it is demonstrated that the aquatic environment is an ideal place to work aspects related to emotional education at an early age, through playful aspects such as motor stories.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue el desarrollo y validación de un cuestionario para conocer la percepción de los deportistas sobre la influencia ejercida por sus características personales, entrenadores, el entrenamiento, la familia y el entorno en sus resultados deportivos. El proceso de diseño y validación del cuestionario se llevó a cabo en tres fases. En la primera se procedió al diseño del cuestionario inicial a partir de las aportaciones de un grupo de expertos (validez de contenido). En la segunda fase, con una muestra de 630 participantes, se analizó y demostró el buen comportamiento métrico del cuestionario (estructura factorial, fiabilidad, validez de constructo y estabilidad temporal) identificándose 6 factores (Entorno, Deportista, Características del Entrenamiento, Entrenador, Naturaleza del Entrenamiento, Familia). En la última fase, la versión definitiva del cuestionario fue administrada a 1256 deportistas, comprobando, a través de análisis factorial confirmatorio la calidad del modelo. A raíz de estos estudios podemos concluir que el Cuestionario de Autopercepción de la Excelencia en el Deporte (CAED) reúne las suficientes propiedades psicométricas para ser considerado un instrumento útil, válido y fiable para analizar las percepciones de los deportistas en los factores que se consideran importantes para un rendimiento deportivo excelente.Abstract. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a questionnaire that measures athletes’ perception of the influence of personal characteristics, trainers, training, family, and environment on their sports results. The design and validation processes were carried out in three phases. In the first phase, an initial design of the questionnaire was built taking into account recommendations from a group of experts (validity of content). In the second phase, the questionnaire’s parametric characteristics (factorial structure, reliability, construct validity and temporal stability) were analyzed in a sample of 630 participants, showing good statistical estimates. The analysis confirmed a structure based on six factors: environment, sportsman, training features, trainer, training type, and family. In the last phase, the final version of the questionnaire was administered to 1,256 athletes in order to check for model quality by means of confirmatory factorial analysis. As a result of these studies, we can conclude that the questionnaire of Self-Perception of Excellence in Sport (CAED) achieves sufficient psychometric properties to be considered as a useful, valid, and reliable instrument for analyzing athletes’ perceptions of the factors considered important for excellent athletic performance.
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