Background Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are increasingly common problems in the general population, which can lead to overweight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and decreased motor and cognitive capacity among children and adolescents. Establishing healthy habits in childhood on the basis of the World Health Organization’s 2020 Physical Activity Guidelines is essential for proper physical, motor, and cognitive development. Objective The primary aim of this study is to describe the level of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep of the child and adolescent population from 6 to 17 years of age in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC). Our secondary aim is to establish a starting point for future research and intervention protocols to improve the existing reality. Methods This cross-sectional study aims to recruit 1111 children and adolescents, aged 6 to 17 years from the BAC in a representative random sample. Participants will wear the ActiGraph WGT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days in their nondominant wrist, and fill out a habit diary log of PA, mobility, and sleep routine. PA intensities, sedentary behavior, and sleep parameters (total bedtime, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency) will be calculated from raw accelerometer data using SPSS (IBM Corp). Participants will be randomly selected. Results The results of this study intend to demonstrate significant differences in PA levels in different age and gender groups since the volume of school PA in the BAC decreases as the age of the schoolchildren increases. The total study sample includes 1111 participants. In April 2021, up to 50% of the sample size was reached, which is expected to increase to 100% by April 2022. This sample will allow us to analyze, discuss, compare, and assess the reality of the school population, in a sensitive period of adherence to behavior patterns, using data from the geographical and administrative area of the BAC. This study will provide a realistic insight into PA levels among children and adolescents in the BAC. It will also offer scientific contributions on the positive relationship between PA levels and sleep quality in this population. Conclusions This study might highlight the need for the promotion of cross-sectional policies so that children and adolescents may increase their levels of PA, thus improving both the school environment and positive healthy behavior. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN65573865; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN65573865 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/31325
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are increasingly common problems in the general population, which can lead to overweight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and decreased motor and cognitive capacity among children and adolescents. Establishing healthy habits in childhood on the basis of the World Health Organization’s 2020 Physical Activity Guidelines is essential for proper physical, motor, and cognitive development. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study is to describe the level of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep of the child and adolescent population from 6 to 17 years of age in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC). Our secondary aim is to establish a starting point for future research and intervention protocols to improve the existing reality. METHODS This cross-sectional study aims to recruit 1111 children and adolescents, aged 6 to 17 years from the BAC in a representative random sample. Participants will wear the ActiGraph WGT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days in their nondominant wrist, and fill out a habit diary log of PA, mobility, and sleep routine. PA intensities, sedentary behavior, and sleep parameters (total bedtime, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency) will be calculated from raw accelerometer data using SPSS (IBM Corp). Participants will be randomly selected. RESULTS The results of this study intend to demonstrate significant differences in PA levels in different age and gender groups since the volume of school PA in the BAC decreases as the age of the schoolchildren increases. The total study sample includes 1111 participants. In April 2021, up to 50% of the sample size was reached, which is expected to increase to 100% by April 2022. This sample will allow us to analyze, discuss, compare, and assess the reality of the school population, in a sensitive period of adherence to behavior patterns, using data from the geographical and administrative area of the BAC. This study will provide a realistic insight into PA levels among children and adolescents in the BAC. It will also offer scientific contributions on the positive relationship between PA levels and sleep quality in this population. CONCLUSIONS This study might highlight the need for the promotion of cross-sectional policies so that children and adolescents may increase their levels of PA, thus improving both the school environment and positive healthy behavior. CLINICALTRIAL ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN65573865; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN65573865 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/31325
Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación es visibilizar la relevancia del deporte para el desarrollo social y económico de las zonas rurales, y se centra en un escenario concreto, el espacio rural vasco, que actúa como soporte de unas actividades deportivas cada vez más amplias y diversas.Para ello, se analizan los expedientes de los proyectos vinculados al deporte en las dos últimas programaciones de desarrollo rural (2000-2014), junto a otra información de interés. Los principales resultados reflejan el papel difuso del deporte dentro de la política de desarrollo rural del País Vasco, a pesar del impacto económico y social de los proyectos deportivos en estas zonas. Las conclusiones reflejan la necesidad de incorporar el deporte como un vector más del desarrollo rural especialmente en aquellos territorios que cuentan con condiciones idóneas para su práctica.Abstract:The aim of this study is to bring to light the relevance of sport for the social and economic development of rural areas, and it focuses on a specific zone, the Basque rural space, which acts as a support of a more wide-ranging and profuse sports activities. For that purpose, there are analyzed the project files linked to sports along the last two rural development programs in the Basque Country (2000-2014) together with other relevant qualitative information. Main findings evidence the diffuse role of sport at the Basque rural development policy despite the progressive social and economic impact of sport projects on these areas. The conclusions reflect the need to include sport as a vector for rural development, particularly on those territories that ensure optimal conditions for sport practice.
Aunque las investigaciones que combinan deporte y desarrollo rural no son muy profusas a nivel estatal, la preeminencia que ha ido adquiriendo la práctica deportiva, y su vinculación con las zonas rurales como espacio de «uso» lo convierten en objeto de estudio novedoso y muy interesante desde la perspectiva de la gestión de políticas públicas. En efecto, la deportividad de la sociedad se ha convertido en objeto de estudio emergente en el ámbito sociológico derivado su elevado impacto socioeconómico y las motivaciones que subyacen a dicha práctica entre otros aspectos principales. Al mismo tiempo, las zonas rurales, promovidas por una intensa política de desarrollo rural, asisten a su transformación en escenario privilegiado para la práctica deportiva, aumentando de manera significativa el desarrollo de actividades deportivas que utilizan estos espacios.
La reciente aprobación el 4 de junio de 2021 de la Ley Orgánica de protección integral a la infancia y la adolescencia frente a la violencia supone un hito en la protección de la infancia en el deporte de alto rendimiento al incorporar un capítulo específico sobre el ámbito. En este apartado se destaca la importancia del establecimiento de protocolos, la monitorización del cumplimiento de los mismos, la designación de figuras de referencias, la formación, así como reforzar y fomentar la relación entre las entidades deportivas y las familias o responsables legales de los y las menores deportistas, acciones todas ellas alineadas con las propuestas establecidas por las Salvaguardias Internacionales. En todo caso, cabe preguntarse si el problema es netamente de carácter legislativo o si, por el contrario, tiene unas raíces más complejas y relacionadas con la propia concepción social del deporte, en general, y del alto rendimiento, en especial. La tendencia reguladora actual es centrarse en la prevención de abusos de carácter sexual, infravalorando otra serie de violencias potenciales a las que se pueden enfrentar los y las menores en los contextos deportivos de alto rendimiento. Sin negar la gravedad de estos riesgos, consideramos que generan un clima de alarmismo y preocupación atrayendo la mayor parte de la atención sobre la punta de un problema en forma de iceberg. El reto, sin duda, es seguir trabajando porque la actividad físico deportiva, incluida la de alto rendimiento, se realicen poniendo por delante el bienestar integral de los y las menores.
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